HLTH 440G Final Exam Study Guide

Ethnic

Relating to a large group of people classed according to common racial, national, tribal, religious, linguistic, or cultural origin or background

socioeconomic status

view of place in society involving a combination of social and economic factors

ethnocentrism

belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group

demography

the statistical study of populations

anthropology

studies the role of culture in what people and groups do

culture

non physical traits, such as values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs that are shared by a group of people

ethnicity

cultural group’s sense of identification associated with the group’s common social and cultural heritage

religion

belief in a divine or superhuman power. system of beliefs and practices and values

socialization

process of being raised within a culture and acquiring the characteristics of the group

health

balance of the person- physical, mental, spiritual- and outside world

illness

state of imbalance among the body, mind, and spirit. social/psychological phenomena influenced by disease

disease

physiological condition that involves some abnormality that can be observed at a cellular level

healing

holistic phenomenon results in restoration of balance to body, mind, and spirit

culture bound syndrome

combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms considered to be a recognizable disease in a specific culture

culturally competent care

the provider understands and attends to the total context of the patient’s situation, includes knowledge, attitudes, and skills

four components of heritage

religion, ethnicity, culture, socialization

components of diversity

age, sex, race, immigrant status, socioeconomic status

another name for the 1985 report of black and minority health

The Heckler report- mobilize the HHS to eliminate health disparities

HHS’s Principle Standard

Provide effective, equitable, understandable, and respectful quality care and services that are responsive to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices

Main three categories HHS’s CLAS standards are grouped into

governance, leadership, and workforce; communication and language assistance engagement; continuous improvement and accountability

effective communication

expressive and receptive. messages are negotiated until information is understood by both parties

cultural competence

ability of health care providers and health care organizations to understand and respond effectively to the cultural and language needs brought by the patient to the health care encounter

patient and family centered care

approach to plan, deliver, and evaluate health care grounded in mutually beneficial partnerships among health care providers, patients, and families

how hospitals can use Roadmaps Document

to improve performance, to train staff, help inform policy

purpose of the Joint Commission and Activities performed by them

provides standards focusing on patient safety and quality of care, evaluate accredit and certify organizations, offer educational services

The joint commission accreditation or certification is mandatory for hospitals

false

Six main continuum components addressed by the roadmap document

organization readiness, end of life care, discharge and transfer, admission, assessment, treatment

what major equity policy began in the early 1990s

americans with disabilities act

what population does executive order 13166 target?

people with limited english proficiency (LEP)

which groups cannot be discriminated against in certain health programs and activities per section 1557 the “the final rule”?

race, sex, disability, age, national origin

eugenics

greek for good birth. study of arranging reproduction to increase occurrence of heritable characteristics that are desirable

forced sterilization

a person is sterilized after expressly refusing the procedure, without knowledge or opportunity to give consent

coerced sterilization

occurs when financial or other incentives, misinformation or intimidation tactics are used to compel an individual to undergo sterilization

which decade had thousands of native american women sterilized without their consent?

1970s

common health problems in those with albinism in tanzania

photophobia (light), myopia (nearsighted), nystagmus (eye movement), strabismus (eye coordination), sunburns, blisters, freckles, skin cancers, solar keratosis (dry skin)

superstitions related to albinos in tanzania

conceived in menstruation, conception with a white man, punishment from gods. Sex with them can cure AIDS. body parts of these people can make someone rich or powerful. bones can be metal detectors. hair can draw fish in the ocean.

which population is OCA2 most common?

african americans. tanzania, south africa, zimbabwe.

reasons FGM is performed.

maintain chastity and virginity; cultural heritage and initiation; income source for practitioners; genitalia dirty and unsightly; demanded of islamic faith

negative health effects of FGM

pain, shock, hemorrhage, tetanus, death; cysts, scarring, incontinence, painful intercourse, hypersensitivity, no sexual pleasure, infertility, increased HIV risk

suggestions in order for FGM to change

wider community commitment, expansion of educational efforts, interventions to change social norms, empowerment of women and girls

five major world religions

hinduism, judaism, buddhism, christianity, islam

hinduism

krishna and vishnu

christianity

the passover

buddhism

eight fold path

islam

pilgrimage to mecca, five pillars, the quran

judaism

bar and bat mitzvahs

title of professionally trained clergy member

chaplain

four types of spiritual healing and associated perceived cause of suffering

spiritual- personal sin

inner healing- person’s mind

physical healing- disease or accident

deliverance- evil from the outside

which state has the highest percentage of adults in weekly religious services

utah

what percentage of americans identify as christian

71%

what is the most religious REGION in the US

american somoa

what percentage of americans are mormon?

1\.6%

social determinants of health

conditions in the places where people live, learn, work, and play

explicit bias

refers to the attitudes and beliefs we have about a person or group on a conscious level

implicit bias

refers to the attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions and decision in an unconscious manner

race

classification system on the basis of culturally defined biologically transmitted group characteristics

ethnicity

fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition

prejudice

unjustified attitude towards an individual based solely on their membership in a social group

discrimination

behavior or actions toward an individual or group on the basis of sex/race

racism

strong type of prejudice used to justify belief that one racial category is somehow superior

microaggression

subtle intentional or unintentional slights that denigrate or degrade members of marginalized groups

internalized racism

racism that exists within individuals, sometimes unknowingly

interpersonal racism

occurs between individuals

institutional racism

practices and policies of social and political institutions that perpetuate racial inequality

structural and systemic racism

system in which public policies and practices that perpetuate racial group inequity

racial battle fatigue

psychological stress response- anxiety, frustration

physiological stress response- headaches, fatigue

behavioral stress response- substance abuse, poor performance

racial microaggression

1830 indian removal act

act passed by congress to force native americans to move west of the mississippi river

trail of tears

16,000 native americans marched over 1,200 miles when forced to move from the east to oklahoma. 1/4 of tribes died

1956 indian relocation act

encouraged native americans to leave reservations and assimilate into general population

indian child wilfare act

federal law that governs the removal and out of home placement of indigenous children.

1865-1965 jim crow era

collection of state and local statutes that legalized racial segregation. marginalized african americans

1830s-1865

abolition time period

1865

slavery is abolished (13 ammendment)

civil rights act of 1964

jim crow laws abolished. discrimination is outlawed.

sex

biological or genetic differences between men and women

gender norms

pattern of “appropriate behavior” a particular society expects from males and females

gender relations

taught and learned ideas about how males and females should interact with others

gender roles

ideas about which functions or responsibilities men and women should assume in society

sexism

personal and institutional differentiation of power and status between the sexes

socialization

process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society

gender equality

men and women have equal power and equal opportunities for financial independence, education, and personal development.

women’s empowerment

increasing women’s self worth, power and control over her own life

feminism

advocacy of women’s rights on basis of the equality of the sexes

social construction of gender

women’s and men’s roles that are socially determined, varies between cultures

1900

married women the right to keep wages and own property

1920

right to vote for women

1963

equal pay act

1964

title VII, prohibiting sex discrimination

1965

right of married couples to use contraception

best term for individuals 65+

older adults

worst terms for individuals 65+

golden years, silver tsunami, geriatrics

cognition

refers to the ability to think, learn, and remember

dementia

umbrella term for loss of memory and other thinking abilities

degrees of impairment

consists of Mild, cognitive impairment, and dementia

most common form of dementia is

alzheimers

what is found in the brains of alzheimers patients

plaques and tangles

mild stages of alzheimers

forget words, lose objects, cant remember names

middle stage of alzheimers

forget personal history, confusion of place and time, personality and behavioral changes, needs help with daily need

late stages of alzheimers

longest stage, need full time care, no awareness of recent experiences and surroundings, vulnerability to infection

bisexual

primary sexual orientation is to people of the same and other genders, or regardless of gender