ch 3: tudors and stuarts

Stuarts

Followed the tudors when the kingdom of England and Scotland combined

King Hnery VIII

King Hnery VIII reigned frm 1509 to 1547 after king Henry VII died . most well known in England cuz he married 6 times. bivorced beheaded died divorced beheaded survived. had a huge impace on the christian church

Catherine of Aragon

First wive of henry 8th, daughter of king and queen of spain, was first married to his brother prince arthur, but he died lol so she married her bro in law henry. they were happily married but no sons ☹ (that survived) cuz she had 3 but they all died. 1 daughter, mary 1516 survived but henry only wanted a SON so divorced and marriied anne boleyn

Anne Boleyn

she worked in the Queen’s household. got married in 1533. 2nd wife but only had a daughter (Queen Elizabeth I) and got beheade in 1556 for adultery incest and plotting of the king and lowk no one believes this shi and henry just framed her so he could marry his third wife jane seymour

henry 8ths divorce with catherine

lol he couldnt divorce her cuz the catholic canonical law wouldnt let him get a divorce. so henry said fuck it and broke away from the catholic church. so he made his own laws like in 1534 that said the king is head of the church (SUIPREME GOVERNER) LMFAOO which is still the case to this day. so they got divorced andhe married Anne Boleyn.

1517

Martin Luther published ninety five theses in wittenberg to protest aainst the catholic church and this is when protestants vs catholicism started bro like in NL where beeldenstorm in 1560 happened

dissolution of the monasteries 1536 - 1541

in 1536 and 1541 the catholic religious establishments like monestaries and convents like ehitney abey in yorshire were disbanded and destroyed so the new Church of England could take control.

King Edward VI

sooo henry his papa died 1547 and he edward his son became the monarch for 6 years cuz he died rly young 1553 and made lade jane grey the queen then said nvm and made queen mary I aka his half sister the queen

Lady Jane Grey

Execuded by mary. She was rly protestant and only queen for 9 days. poor girl

queen mary I

reigned from 1553 to 1558. she was a catholic and tried to make england catholic again. like eg she executed the archbishop of canbury (protestant) in 1556 who was responsible for divorcing catherine and henryy. died n 1558

Queen Elizabeth I

succeede her half sister from 1558. and she moved the country to prostentanism again LOOL but first very cautiosly and then more aggresively. the virgin queen cuz she never had an heir

Mary Queen of Scots

the scottish queen was a catholic who was forced to resign as queen of scotland and imprisoned in england by elizabeth I bcs she was accused of plotting against her in 1587.

priest holes

priest holes were built bcs catholics had to be rly cautious bcs of all the religious killing and plots.

Act of Parliament

Wales and England became 1 in 1536.

Ok ireland declared that the king of england would also be the king of ireland BUT still diff countries diff parliaments diff laws in 1542.

Scotland remained seperate till 1603 cuz elizabeth I had no heir and her closest relative was King James VI who was king of Scotland and then also became king of England lol

Golden Age

1558-1603. established the protestant faith in englland and this entire reign was elizabethan era. rly strong economu bcs of international trade and explorers that founded colonies

William Shakespear

lived during elizabeth I’s reign, classiccal plats and is still studied and invented over 1700 words.he founded the Global Theatre in London.

stately homes

Tudor Architecture . LAAAARGE windows and GRAAAND gardens. usually whire houses and black timber. good example is annn hathaway (william shakkespeares wife) ‘s chuldhood home (which is now a museum)

Spanish Armada

Famous battle of like 150 ships that was defeated by a a much smaller english fleet in 1588 LOOOOLLL. it was seen as a huge protestant victory. but also spain and england were having rly bad relations cuz they killed queen of scots mary who was a catholic.

King James I of England

established the house of stuart. reign was 1603- 1625. was lowk gay (flamboyant lol). he also translated the bible into english in 1611.

king James Bible

first english translation of the bible and most famous and many phrases like the apple of my eye became famous bv sof this book.

Gunpowder Plot

1605 catholics were plotting to kill king james and protestant parliament members. they planned to blow it up using gunpowder.

Guy Fawkes

one of the plotters in the gunpowder plot.

bonfire night

nov 5 celebrating the bonfire night also sometimes called guy fawkes night. bonfires are usually lit and fireworks are set off. children gather and ask for a penny for the guy to built an effigy that wiil be se t on fire.

king Charles I

1625-1649. got executed andis known for being the only king that ever got executed. it happened at the end of the English Civil War which took place between 1642 and 1651. got beheaded bcs he was defeated by the roundheads in 1949. his son Charles fled to france and remained there in exile until 1660.

divine right of kings

king charles I believed in this and it was based on the idea that the king was appointed by God and destined to be king with great power and ONLY answer to god. this kinda brought charles into fights with the English parliament lol an dalso charles was married to a catholic princess.

Civil War

1640’s bcs of all the tension between king and parliament (charles I).The kings forces were known as cavaliers and the parliament’s as roundheads. roundheads were led by oliver cromwell

oliver cromwell

a general and commander in chief of the roundheads and also became leader of Britain when the cavaliers were defeated.

Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland

there wsa no monarch from 1649 till 1660 so the commonwealth aka the Protectorate governed aka the parliament. Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector aka the leader of this.but the commonwealth didnt last long bcs of conflicts within the parliament and a dissatisfaction among army. richard cromwell (the son) succeeded him in 1658 but failed so then charles returned as king

King Charles II

1660-1668. Was voted by the parliament to become king again. He passed laws to strengthen the Anglican Church and entertainment became more relaxed like men played women in plays. he was known as the Merry Monarc bcs he was very lively and raunchy. he had many mistresses and like 12 illigitemate kids who became dukes.

the Great Plague of 1665

caused by a bacterium. swept through britain (esp london where 100k ppl died). the king and parliament fled the capital bcs of it.

fire of london 1666

ot started in a bakery in pudding lane and spread rapidly for 6 days 80% of residental houses were destroyed. had ahuge impact on the layout of the city bvs it had to be rebuilt on the basis with a medieval street plan with narrow streets. also developed fire insurance coompanies and fire service. some ppl say ths fire killed all the rats and fleas that event he great plague was wiped out (myth)

Christopher Wren

architect. he designed well known buildings after the fire of london. like 50 churches in london and most important St Paul’s Cathedral

wars between the dutch and the english in 1650-1670

lol they were both clashing bcs of land in north america indian sub continents and in east asia. like britain established east india company in 1600 and then th edutch established 1602 the dutch east india company to both exploit land and areas and ppl. most famous is the second anglo-dutch war of 1665-1667 where the netherlands agreed that its holdings in the US would now be british : going from New Amsterdam to New York

Glorious Revolution

SOOO parliament were scared that Charles II’s heir (James his brother) was catholic and that he would make a catholic dynasty when he succeeded charles from 1685-1688 bcs of his catholic kids. so TO prevent this the political leaders invited William of Orange, Dutch stadhouder, to come and take over the throne vcs he wwas married to the eldest daughter of king james II, mary and they were both protestant. So william raised an army and landed in england in 1688, forcing james II to flee and together they became King William III and Queen Mary II. Mary died in 1694 and willian in 1702. this coup was known as the glorious revolution. their reign saw many revolts and battles often bcs of claiments to the throne.

Battle of the Boyne

1690 King William III defeated King James II at this battle. The protestant king won over the catholic king and since then is the most important religion on the british isles.

Bill of Rights

Was set out in 1689 passed by the Parliament, that sets out basic rights and duties for the monarchy and parliament. the parliament had to approve most of the monarchys stuff. the monarch now always needed consent from the parliament. it alaos had the Act of Settlement which says that a catholic cannot become king or queen of the UK which is to this day still the case (but they are allowed to marry a catholic).

Queen Anne

Sister of queen mary II . from 1702-1714. last stuart monarch and succeeded by her relative King George I in 1714 from the house of hanover. Her reign daw the arts and architecture flourish like homes such as Blenheim Palace. Famous for Baroque style.

For what 2 reasons is King Henry famous?

6 wiveees and head of church

Who is the current Supreme Governor of the Church of England? What is their role in the appointment of Anglican bishops?

Charlessss approving rpime ministers

What happened during the dissolution of the monasteries? What effects did this have?

basicaly ppl hid and secretly practiced caloticism like in priest holes

Were Mary I and Mary, Queen of Scots, the same person?

no omg mary queen of scots was the queen of scotland and beheaded by elizabeth i and mary i was the daughter of henry 8th

Give three examples of how the Elizabethan era can be seen as a Golden Age.

art . internation trade. exploring (colonies)

Where did British explorers go during the reign of Elizabeth I? What were they looking for? With whom did England come into conflict as a result? Which famous battle happened?

like sotuh america and asia to seek wealth and colonies . they got into conflict with spainnn aspanish armada

How did King James I become King of England?

elizabeeth got no heir soooo she asked him lol

Which two sides fought in the English Civil War, and why?

cavaliers and roundheads(parliament) cuz fighting over power lol cuz the king believed in the devinie right of kings

Why is the period between 1649 and 1660 unusual in British history?

commonwealt bcs no monarch

Who was Christopher Wren, and why is he famous?

architext. built 50 churches in london after fire. like cathedrial of st paul

How is the Gunpowder Plot an example of religious tensions?

cuz catholics came to kill the protestant king and parliament memburss

What led to the Glorious Revolution? What effects did it have?

the only heir was fucking catholic and the parliament didnt want that so they made william of orange and his mary ii king and queen so it would be protestant