Chi-Squared (X^2) Analysis

Chi-squared

form of statistical analysis used to compare the actual results (observed) with the expected results

X² = 0

then the data fits your hypothesis (the expected values) well.

By calculating X² value, you

determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the expected and actul values

Step 1

State a null hypothesis

no difference betwenn the observed and expexted values

Step 2

Calculating expected and determining observed values

Observed (actual) values

That should be something you get from data– usually no calculations

Expected values

based on probability

Step 3

Determine Degrees of Freedom

Degrees of Freedom

the number of values that are free to vary after restriction has been placed on the data

no. of categories - 1

Step 4

Determine the Critical value

Step 5

Conclusion

X² > critical value

there is a statistically significant difference between the actual and expected values.

X² < critical value

there is a NO statistically significant difference between the actual and expected values.