unit 3/4 learning objectives

What does BMI stand for and what is its significance in nursing interventions?

BMI stands for Body Mass Index and it helps determine if a person has a healthy weight, informs nutritional status, and guides appropriate nurse interventions.

What are examples of factors that can affect nutrition?

Factors include micromineral deficiency, dysphagia, and various medical conditions.

Which deficiencies are commonly addressed by dietary corrections and what foods help?

Iron deficiency can be corrected with foods like red meat, protein deficiency may be addressed with beans and nuts, and calcium deficiency can be corrected with dairy products.

What lab tests are important for assessing malnutrition?

Lab tests such as serum albumin, prealbumin, and total protein levels help assess malnutrition.

How is MyPlate used to promote healthy eating?

MyPlate is used as a visual guide to help individuals understand portion sizes and food groups needed for a balanced diet.

What is dysphagia, and what nursing interventions are important for managing it?

Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing; nursing interventions include assessing swallowing ability, modifying diet textures, and monitoring for aspiration risks.

How do you calculate fluid intake and output (I/O)?

Fluid I/O can be calculated by measuring all fluids consumed (intake) versus all fluids eliminated (output) to ensure balance.

What is enteral nutrition and what are some examples?

Enteral nutrition is the delivery of nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract; examples include tube feeding via nasogastric or PEG tubes.

What nursing interventions must be assessed prior to enteral feedings?

Nurses must assess the patient’s gastric residual volume, bowel sounds, and the position of the feeding tube.

How can the rate of bolus enteral feedings be adjusted?

The rate can be adjusted based on the patient's tolerance, residual volumes, and physician's orders.

What is residual in the context of enteral feeding?

Residual refers to the volume of food and fluid remaining in the stomach; it is assessed to determine gastric emptying.

What are some risks associated with enteral feedings?

Risks include aspiration pneumonia, diarrhea, and tube displacement.

What is the normal range for sodium (Na+) levels?

The normal range for sodium is 135 – 145 mEq/L.

What is the normal range for potassium (K+) levels?

The normal range for potassium is 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L.

What is the normal range for calcium (Ca+) levels?

The normal range for calcium is 9.0 - 10.0 mg/dL.

What is the normal range for magnesium (Mg+) levels?

The normal range for magnesium is 1.5 – 2.5 mEq/L.

What are signs and symptoms of fluid volume deficit?

Signs include dry mucous membranes, decreased urine output, and low blood pressure.

What is RAAS and its role in fluid balance?

RAAS stands for Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System; it helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

When would hypotonic fluids be used versus hypertonic fluids?

Hypotonic fluids are used to treat dehydration, while hypertonic fluids are used to correct fluid overload or hyponatremia.

What is included in IV therapy site assessment?

IV therapy site assessment includes checking for swelling, redness, pain, and patency of the IV site.

What is the significance of practicing Range of Motion exercises?

Range of Motion exercises help maintain joint flexibility, prevent stiffness, and improve circulation.

How do assistive devices like canes and walkers aid patients?

Canes and walkers provide support and stability to assist patients with mobility and balance.