Blood, Lymphatic system, and Immunology

aden/o

gland

bacteri/o

bacteria

blast/o

germ, bud, developing cell

hem/o, hemat/o

blood

erythr/o

red

immun/o

exempt, immunity

leuk/o

white

lymph/o

clear water or fluid

path/o

disease

splen/o

spleen

thromb/o

clot

thym/o

wartlike, thymus gland

tox/o

poison

hematology

general field of medicine focusing on blood related diseases

hematopathologist

physician specializing in the treatment of disease associated with blood

immunology

the study of immunity and allergy

virology

the study of viruses; a subspecialty of immunology or infectious disease

bacteriology

study of bacteria

iso-

equal

cyt/o

cell

poikil/o

irregular

thromb/o

clot

-lysis

loosen, dissolve

-penia

abnormal reduction in number, deficiency

anisocytosis

the presence of rbcs of unequal size in a sample of blood

bacteremia

presence of bacteria in a sample of blood which is a sign of infection

erythropenia/erythrocytopenia

abnormally reduced number of rbcs in a sample of blood

hemolysis

rupture of rbc membranes

hemorrhage

abnormal loss of blood from circulating which is a sign of trauma or illness

leukopenia/leukocytopenia

abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in a sample of blood

macrocytosis

abnormally large rbcs in a blood sample which is a sign of disease

poikilocytosis

condition of irregular cells in 10% of the cells

polycythemia/erythrocytosis

abnormal increase in the number of rbcs in the blood from a genetic mutation within stem cells of the red bone marrow

splenomegaly

abnormal enlargement of the spleen from injury or infection

thrombopenia/thrombocytopenia

abnormally reduced number of platelets in a sample of blood which is a sign of disease 

toxemia

presence of toxins in the blood stream

ana-

up, toward

aut/o

self

botul/o

sausage

fung/o

fungus

globin/o

protein

hydr/o

water

iatr/o

physician

idi/o

individual

lymph/o

clear water or fluid

necr/o

death

nosocom/o

hospital

nucle/o

kernel, nucleus

path/o

disease

sept/o

putrefying, wall or partition

staphylococc/o

staphylococcus (bacterium)

streptococc/o

streptococcus (bacterium)

thym/o

wartlike, thymus gland

-genic

pertaining to producing, forming

-ial, -ic

pertaining to

-ism

condition of disease

-philia

loving, affinity for

-phylaxis

protection

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

a disease from infection with HIV through the exchange of body fluids an contaminated instruments

human immunodeficiency virus

a virus that disable the immune response by destroying important white blood cells known as helper T cells

Is there a cure to HIV/AIDS? How much people does it affect?

no it is the most deadly infectious disease on the planet with nearly 37 million people affected and over 1 million deaths

allergy

body’s immune response to allergens which are foreign substances that produce a reaction including immediate inflammation

allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

affects the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and throat

allergic dermatitis

affects the skin where it has been in physical contact with the allergen

anaphylaxis

a reaction to an antigen that spread quickly to cause bodywide inflammation which can become life threatening

anemia

reduced ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to tissues from reduced circulating rbcs or hemoglobin

aplastic anemia

red bone marrow fails to produce sufficient numbers of normal blood cells

iron deficiency anemia

lack of available iron, resulting in the body’s inability to make adequate amounts of hemoglobin

sickle cell anemia

hemoglobin is defective within cells, resulting in misshaped rbcs that cause obstructions in blood vessels

pernicious anemia

failure to acquire vitamin b12 into the bloodstream for delivery to red bone marrow, which requires it to produce new red blood cells

bioterrorism

application of disease-causing pathogens to cause harm to a population

anthrax

a bacterially caused disease that has been threatened for use in bioterrorism

autoimmune disease

a person’s own immune response attacks health tissues

What are some examples of autoimmune diseases?

rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis

botulism

life-threatening food-borne illness caused by Clostridium botulinum when canned food is not prepared properly

communicable disease/contagious disease

a disease capable of transmission from one person to another

diphtheria

infectious disease resulting in acute inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth or throat that gives a leather like membrane

How can diphtheria be treated?

a DTaP vaccine

dyscrasia

any abnormal condition of the blood

edema

leakage of fluid from the bloodstream into the interstitial space between body cells causing swelling

fungemia/fungal septicemia

fungal infection that spreads throughout the body the bloodstream

hematoma/contusion/bruise

mass of blood outside blood vessels within an organ or space in a clotted form from injury or disease

hemoglobinopathy

general term for a disease the affects hemoglobin within red blood cells

hemophilia

an inherited bleeding disorder from defective or missing blood-clotting proteins necessary for the coagulation process

hemorrhagic fever

infectious disease the causes internal bleeding or internal hemorrhage and fevers from viruses like Ebola

iatrogenic disease

condition that is caused by a medical treatment

idiopathic

a disease the develops without a known or apparent cause

immunodeficiency

condition resulting from a defective immune response from insufficient numbers of functional wbcs

immunocompromised

a patient suffering from immunodeficiency

immunosuppression

suppressed status of the immune response

incompatibility

combination of two blood types that result in the destruction of red blood cells

infection

a disease caused by parasitic organisms

infectious disease

a disease caused by an infection

inflammation

the swelling of body tissue

influenza

viral disease characterized by fever and an acute inflammation of respiratory mucous membranes

leukemia

the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leukocytes

lymphadenitis

inflammation of the lymph nodes

lymphoma

general term for a form of cancer that begins in a type of white blood cells

Hodgkin lymphoma

a type of cancer of the lymph nodes in which altered lymphocytes, called Reed-Sternberg cells, form

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

a malignant tumor of lymphatic tissue that results in a diffuse pattern, which differs from the nondiffuse pattern of Hodgkin’s lymphoma