Intro to biological anthropology exam 1

Strepsirhini

Moist noses, better sense of smell, and tend to be nocturnal. Have tooth comb. Includes Lemurs, bush baby, and Loris

Haplorrini

Simple dry noses, better sense of vision, and eyes face more forward. Have Fovea. Includes Monkeys, apes, and tarsiers.

Lemuroidae

Defined by grasping hands and feet, large eyes for nocturnal vison, and tooth comb. High level of species diversity due to adaptive radiation within the isolated island environment

Visual Predation

a hypothesis for primate evolution that proposes that hunting behavior in tree-dwelling primates was responsible for their enhanced visual acuity and manual dexterity

Platyyrhini

Broad nose/new world monkeys

Catarhini

Flat nose/old world monkeys

Primates

Mammals characterized by large brains, grasping hands, flat faces, nails instead of claws, and divergent digits

Fovea

Pit in retina made up of cones allowing for sharp central vision

Aye-Aye

Large brain proportional to size. Somatosensory intelligence. Derived finger for tapping on tree's. Large incisors for tearing into tree's

Lorisodea

Arboreal and nocturnal with strong grip. Marks surroundings by rubbing urine to claim territory and find mate

Tarsiers

Nocturnal but lacked Tapetum Lucidum. Eyes evolved to be large to absorb more light. Eyes same volume as brain.

Tapetum Lucidum

A layer in the eye of nocturnal mammals that reflects light, causes eyes to glow when light strikes them at night.

Body Size and Kleiber's Law

metabolism equals mass raised to the 3-quarter power. Larger animals have more efficient metabolisms.

Cercopithicoidea

Monkeys have pouches at the buccinator (Cheek pouch)

Cheek Pouch

Predigestion w/ amylase, foraging efficiency in face of competition. Can extract sugars and carbohydrates while in cheek

Hominodea

Great Apes.

Animal's diet from its body size

Larger animals have a easier time digesting things. Can afford to digest foliage. Smaller animals will eat things like insects. Medium animals more likely to eat fruit