bone, bony sockets, or crypts for teeth placement in the maxillae and the mandibular bone
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Anterior
before or in front of, front area of the mouth, from canine (cuspid) to canine (cuspid)"
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Apex
the root end, the tip end of a tooth
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Apical
relative to the root tip end of tooth, apex or root
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Arch
curved-like or bow-like outline, half of the mouth, either maxillary or mandibular
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Ameloblast(s)
enamel-forming cells, encourages cell growth to form the enamel covering tissue of the tooth
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Amelogenesis
process of forming tooth enamel
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Anodontia
absence of teeth, partial or total lack of teeth
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Antagonist
opposing teeth, tooth that counteracts, occludes, or contacts with another tooth in the opposing arch.
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Apposition
addition of parts, fourth stage of development, mineral salts, and organic matter are set down and in place for tissues and tooth formation.
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Attrition
abrasion or chafing, last stage of development, happens as teeth interact with each other via mastication and speech.
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Axial
root to crown, long
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bicuspid(s)
premolars, mandibular teeth
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Bifurcation
Branching into two parts, mandibular molars have two roots
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Buccal
check side/surface, posterior tooth surface toward the cheeks
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Calcification
deposit of lime salts, fifth stage of development, the hardening and setting of tooth tissues.
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Cementoblast(s)
Cementum-forming cells, encourages cell growth to form the root-covering cementum tissue.
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Cementoclast(s)
cells that destroy tooth cementum.
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Cementum
tissue covering of tooth root
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Cervical line
the place where the enamel of the crown meets the cementum of the root.
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Crown
the top part of the tooth containing the pulp chamber, dentin, and enamel covering.
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Cusp
a point of the crown of a tooth, elevation, or mound on the biting surface of the crown
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Cuspid(s)
canines, single-rooted anterior teeth at the corner of the mouth, longest tooth, splits anterior from posterior.
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Deciduous
falling off, first set of teeth
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Dens in dente
tooth in tooth, a tooth enfolds on itself to form a small cavity that holds a hard structure or mass
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Dental lamina
membrane band containing organs of future teeth, develops in the epithelium
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Dentin
the main tissue of tooth surrounding the pulp
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Dentinogenesis imperfecta
inadequate dentin formation, a genetic disorder characterized by weakened or gray-colored teeth or shell teeth resulting from poor formation
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Dentition
tooth arrangement
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Differentiation
acquiring different functions from the original
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Distal
to the distant, away, side surface of a tooth farthest from the midline of the face
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Eminence
a high place, projection, or prominence.
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Enamel
a hard tooth covering
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Epithelium
mucous tissue covering and connective tissue layer
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Eruption
breaking out, six stage of development. Cutting of the teeth, It occurs when the tooth moves toward the oral cavity and enters through the tissues.
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Exfoliate
scale off
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Facial
surface of all teeth toward the cheek and/or the lips
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Fibroblast
fiber-forming germ cells, encourages cell growth to form the periodontal ligaments.
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Fissure
a groove or natural depression, slit, or break;
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Fluorosis
reaction to overfluoridation, mottled enamel
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Foramen
an opening or hole in the bone for nerve and vessel passage
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Fossa
a shallow, rounded, irregular depression or concavity on the lingual surface of anterior teeth and on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.
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Furcation
Fork or branch off, the place where tooth roots branch apart
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Furrow
a shallow concave groove located on either the crown or the root, developmental depression.
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Fusion
joining together, union of tooth buds resulting in large crown or root.
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Germination
development of germ cells, single tooth germ separating to form two crowns on a single root
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Gingiva
mouth tissue, mucous tissue surrounding the teeth, gives protection.
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Granuloma
granular tumor or growth, a growth or tumor usually found in the root area.
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Groove
a rut, furrow, or channel. 2 types
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Heterodont
teeth of various shapes
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Histodifferentiation
branch into different tissues
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Hypercementosis
overgrowth of cementum tissue, an anomaly resulting in a thickening of cementum, result of stress.
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Hypocalcification
underbonding or incomplete calcification, lack of hardening of tooth tissue resulting in weak, susceptible teeth.
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Hypoplasia
underdevelopment of tissue.
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In utero
in the uterus
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Incisal
to cut, cutting edge of anterior teeth (centrals, laterals, and cuspids/canines)
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Incisors
cutters, single-rooted anterior teeth with a sharp cutting edge.
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Initiation
beginning, bud stage of development
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Interdental
between two teeth
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Labial
lip surface, anterior tooth surface toward the lips
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Lacuna
small open space, tiny cavities that may contain irregular cementum-forming cells
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Lingual
tongue, the surface of all teeth toward the tongue.
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Lobe
a well-defined part of an organ that develops into a tooth formation, a developing cusp that eventually unites with other lobes to form a complete tooth.
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Macrodontia
abnormally large teeth
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Mandibular
lower tooth area; moves up and down to meet the maxillary teeth.
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Marginal
the portion that is unattached to underlying tissues and helps to form the sides of the gingival crevice, free margin gingiva.
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Maxillary
upper tooth area; normally the maxilla slightly overlaps the mandible.
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Mesial
in the middle, side surface of a tooth closest to the mid- line (middle) of the face.
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Microdontia
unusually small teeth
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Midline
imaginary vertical line bisecting the head at the middle; determines the right and left sides.
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Molar
grinding tooth, most posterior teeth
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Morphodifferentiation
change into different shape
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Morphology
study of tooth form and shape
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Mucogingival
combination of mucous and gingival tissue
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Occlusal
to grind, meet, grinding or chewing surface of all posterior teeth (premolars/bicuspids, and molars)
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Odontoblasts
dentin forming cells, encourages cell growth to form the dentin, the bulk of the tooth
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Odontoclasts
cells that bring about absorption of primary tooth roots.
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Odontogenesis
tooth production, to the formation and the origin of the tooth.
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Odontology
the study of teeth
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Osteoblasts
Bone-forming germ cells, encourages cell growth to form alveolar bone and the alveolar plate
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Osteoclasts
cells that destroy or cause absorption of bone tissue
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Papillary
the part of the marginal gingiva that occupies the interproximal spaces, triangular and filling the tooth embrasure area
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Periodontal
around tooth, membrane and fibers that anchor the tooth in the alveolar socket.
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Periodontium
tissues surrounding teeth, 4 tissues
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Pit
pinpoint depression located at the junction of developed grooves or at the end of a groove.
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Posterior
toward the rear, area back from the corners of the mouth
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Premolar
before a molar, the fourth and fifth teeth posterior from the center of the mouth
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Proliferation
second stage of development, reproduction of new parts
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Proximal
side wall of tooth that meets with or touches side wall of another tooth
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Pulp
the part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts
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Pulp cyst
a closed, fluid-filled sac within the pulp tissue.
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Pulpitis
pulp inflammation, toothache
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Quadrant
1/4, half of an arch, right or left, and containing eight teeth.
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Succedaneous
permanent teeth, replace deciduous teeth when they exfoliate
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Sulcus
long depression between ridges and cusps; valley on tooth surface.
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Supernumerary
extra, more than the normal amount of teeth
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Ridge
a linear elevation that receives its name from its location
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Root
bottom part of a tooth
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Trifurcation
branching into three parts, three roots, maxillary molar teeth
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Tubercle
a small knob-like prominence, a distinguishing landmark of a tooth.