Consumer Health Exam 2

What is quackery?

unscientific medical practice, nickname for fraud, use of false advertisement

Ex. of scam language

you should take this but it takes a long time to get a cure; use of vague terminology to ride the line of true and false

Resources for consumers to report fraud

state attorney general office; response could take a while because of understaffing

Therapies

• Mind-body intervention: prayer, music, meditation, hypnosis, regulated breathing, manipulative therapy, massage, chiropractic, yoga

• Biology-based therapy: herbal medicine, supplements 

• Body energy therapy- reiki (moving hands over your body without touching it and absorbing the energy into their hands), acupuncture and acupressure 

What is reiki?

-energy healing without touching
-transference: practitioner run their fingers over your body to find hot spots without touching you, and they absorb the "hotness" in their hands to get rid of it

What is therapeutic touch?

cousin to reiki; "practitioner" puts fingers as close as possible without touching, so they can absorb illness and health problems you may have

What is Chi?

body energy (or life force) from Traditional Chinese Medicine

Magnetic (Copper) bracelets and socks

• supposedly gets rid of knee, back, and elbow pain; claims to alleviate pain and promote healing through magnetic fields. These products are often marketed as alternative treatments for various ailments.

• started at shopping malls around 20-30 years ago; form of energy therapy

yoga

• means union

• a system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind; coordinating body movement with breathing

• specific poses you do are asanas

Pranayama

breath control technique in yoga

Dhyana

the meditation part of yoga

vipassana

fundamental precepts of yoga, means clarity and clearing your mind

transcendental meditation

a form of silent mantra meditation aimed at achieving deep relaxation and self-transcendence; locate your inner self

Materishi Maresh

founded transcendental meditation

highest level of yoga expert?

guru

what is burmese position?

sitting like buddha; legs criss-cross

zen yoga

focus on sitting a certain way and allowing the mind to relax

De Chi

internal energy that yoga is supposed to give

Taoist

• An effort to generate internal energy (de chi)

• Be still, quiet, and calm to reduce outside stimuli

full lotus position

- Very stable and symmetrical

- Both legs on the opposite thigh

What type of intervention is yoga

mind body intervention

Alexander Technique

developed by Frederick Matthias Alexander as a tool to rehabilitate body alignment. Recognizing habitual movement patterns/postures.

different types of mind body intervention

meditation, yoga, tai chi, qigong

most simple and number one mind body intervntion...

meditation

tai chi

-a Chinese system of slow meditative physical exercise designed for relaxation and balance and health

-stationary

Qigong

tai chi when you are walking; a component of traditional Chinese medicine that combines movement, meditation, and regulation of breathing to enhance the flow of qi, improve blood circulation, and enhance immune function

subluxation

true misalignment or joint malfunction, according to palmer affects your mobility, has never been proven to exist

Daniel David Palmar

founder of chiropractic medicine; gave himself title of magnetic healer, came up with this in 1895

Based on the idea that anything that makes you sick has to due with your spine, and the back and spine cause most if not all illness

2 types of chiropractors

straights: follow teachings of DDP to the book

mixed: combine original teachings and newer medical techniques

chiropractors don't believe in...

putting flouride in the water supply

Two different types of Massage therpy

-Western: designed to relieve tension by massaging the muscles; specifically for relaxation

-Eastern: more comprehensive and holistic; concerned with things like nervous, digestive, and other systems

types of western massage

-Swedish: uses firm and gentle pressure; used for reducing stress; stimulutating relaxation; relieve muscle pain

-Esalen: massage session occurring around oceans to hear waves; often incorporates long strokes and stretching; if cannot physically be near the ocean, recordings are played

Types of eastern massage

• ayurvedic massage: No massage table (mat ot chair used); Emphasis in circulation and relaxation; Specific massages to focus on doshas; Pressure points are called marma

• Tuina Massage: Chinese based massage; purpose is to improve the flow of qi; might mix massage with acupressure; It includes techniques such as pushing (Tui) and grasping (Na) of soft tissue, that are specific to the practice of TCM and are guided by its principles.

• Lomi Lomi Massage: Originated in Hawaii; Engages in very gentle but deep hand strokes that are long, slow, and flowing; May take more time because the strokes are longer in time and body movements

• Shiatsu massage: sustained massage pressure on specific points of the body (meridians); according to the beliefs of practitioners, Shiatsu massage releases blockages in the flow of energy(qi) through the body

Massage techniques

• effleurage:  smooth hand stroke towards the heart area

• petrissage: kneading using the entire hand with fingers together and thumbs out 

• percussion: loose wrists and tapping the body very lightly on different areas 

• tapotement: same thing as percussion but much faster; used for the face; includes pinching and cupping  

• reflexology:  focuses on the pressure points of your feet; relieves pain and stimulate circulation in those areas

how long is a reflexology session?

30-40 min

aroma therapy

sometimes used with massage; use of natural scents and smells to promote health and well-being

Ex. of essential oils and uses

Chamomile: Reduce stress.

Eucalyptus: Clear sinuses.

Lemon: Increase happiness, improve concentration.

Edward Bach

tried to find remedies for illness with plants, identified 38 types of trees and flowers to use in medicine

Botanicals

general classification for a wide variety of natural or naturally derived ingredients extracted from plants

Aloe vera

botanical for burn treatment

bee pollen

helps with allergies and congestion

garilic

botanical for high blood pressure

cranberry

botanical to help with UTI's

lavender

botanical to relax

peppermint

botanical for nausea

Orthomolecular medicine

supplementing your regular diet with herbal supplements

Chelation therapy

use a drug to remove poisons and toxins in the form of metals and minerals out of your blood stream

Types of botanical preparations

• crude: collect dry herbs, cut it, sift it, and store it

• herbal extract: liquid or solid herbs that are highly concentrated

• powders: herbs that are finely ground

• tinctures: concentrated herbs soaked in alcohol

• infusion: mixing one ounce of herb and two ounces of water

• bolus: use of herbs to make a suppository

• capsules or tablets

• poultice: wrap herbs in a thin cloth and place directly on affected area such a burn 

• Fomentation: soaking a cloth in herbal liquid and putting it on the body 

• Liniment: herbs mixed with liquid and rubbed into the joints and muscles  

Consumer Rights and Responsibilities

Right to safety/responsibility to use products safely

Right to be informed/responsibility to use info

Right to choose/responsibility to choose carefully

Right to be heard/responsibility to speak up

Right to redress/responsibility to seek redress

Right to consumer ed/responsibility to learn

Right to service/responsibility to reward good service

8 domains of consumer rights and responsibilities

• info disclosure, choice, access to emergency services, consumer roles in treatment, no discrimination, confidentiality/ privacy, and quality control

Consumer Behavioral Responsibilities

stay healthy, be honest w/ health providers, and insurance literacy

Patient Care Partnership

A document that outlines the rights and responsibilities of patients in healthcare settings, ensuring collaboration between patients and healthcare providers for optimal care.

Better business bureau

A nonprofit organization that provides information about business practices and assists consumers in resolving disputes with businesses.

Consumer Federation of America

A nonprofit organization that advocates for consumer rights and promotes policies that protect consumers in the marketplace, focusing on issues like product safety, fraud prevention, and consumer education.

Consumers Union

A nonprofit organization that publishes consumer reviews and comparisons of products, advocating for consumer rights and promoting informed purchasing decisions.

United States Consumer Product Safety Commission

A federal agency responsible for protecting the public from unreasonable risks of injury or death associated with consumer products, enforcing safety standards and regulations.

Bill Clinton

released consumer rights and responsibilities in late 1990's to protect consumers

public citizen

american non-profit, progressive consumer rights advocacy group, and think tank based in Washington, D.C. It was founded in 1971 by the American activist and lawyer Ralph Nader.

consumer reports magazine

unbiased information about products; related to ralph nader, published by consumers union

USDA

United States Department of Agriculture; overseeing food safety, providing nutrition assistance, managing natural resources, and supporting rural development. added cosmetics in last 30-40 years

FTC (Federal Trade Commission)

aim to insure companies don't scam you or deceive you

Managed Care

• HMO (health maintenance organization)- defining quality is a PCP (primary care physician) which is like you coach; you go to them first and they refer you to other people 

  • The average deductible is 700-800 dollars 

• PPO (preferred provider organization)- don’t have a primary doctor; can go out of network but the insurance company doesn’t pay as much 

  • The average deductible can be from 1200-1800 dollars

deductible

Amount you must pay before you begin receiving any benefits from your insurance company

Network

group of medical providers sharing insurance

Obamacare established

• 10 essential benefits that insurance must cover; called minimal essential coverage (MEC)

• Ambulatory patient services, Emergency services, Hospitalization, Maternity and newborn care, Mental health and substance use disorder services, Prescription drugs, Rehabilitative and habilitative services and devices, laboratory services, preventive and wellness services, chronic disease management

MEC

minimal essential coverage; 10 essential benefits of obamacare, minimum coverage that company must provide

Self care behaviors

• spending time outside

• clean and organize

• reduce time on social media

• journaling

• get better sleep

• meditation

• exercise/ move body

• connect with people important to you

• invest in a hobby

• eat vegetables

• learn to say no

• practice self compassion

Unintentional injuries vs intentional injuries

• Unintentional injury: accidents 

• Intentional injury: violence 

Multiple causation theory

• A public health principle stating that most injuries result from multiple factors

• make it hard to pinpoint one specific cause of unintentional injury

Three strategies for prevention of unintentional injury

• Engineering: how things are made (Ex. antilock brakes) 

• Enforcement: has to do with the police (Ex. speed limits) 

• Education: taking class (Ex. driver’s aid)

Job with the highest workplace injury

construction

Second collision

-passenger collides with the interior of the vehicle
-seat belts prevent this
-this is different for people who ride motorcycles and bikes because there is no second collision, the first collision is their head hitting something

Basic first aid equipment

fir extinguisher, epi pen, defibrillator, torniquet, and heating pad

Assistive technology

• prescribed to help not necessarily medication

• eye glasses, back braces, hearing aids, dentures, canes/ crutches/ walkers/ wheel chair

Durable medical equipment

• hospital beds

• bed pans

• special hospital mattresses

• lift carriers

meters/ monitors

thermometers, BP monitor, stethoscope, scale, pulse monitor

Treatment equipment

• needed in emergency

• defibrillators, O2 cylinder, mask, nebulizer, ventilator

voiding equipment

necessary for urination such as urinals, commodes, and adult diapers.

infant care equipment

incubator/ warmer/ apnea monitor

telehealth equipment

computers, camera, sensors, internet, phones

Class 1 devices

medical devices with low risk, such as bandages and handheld surgical instruments.

Class 2 medical devices

medical devices with moderate risk, requiring more regulatory controls, including items like xray machine, accupuncture needles, infusion pumps and surgical drapes.

Class 3 medical devices

medical devices with high risk, requiring rigorous regulatory controls and premarket approval, including items like pacemakers and implantable prosthetics.

Arthritis

• pain in your joints

• over 100 types

Most common type of arthritis

is osteoarthritis

Types of arthritis

• osteoarthritis: protective cartilage in joints breaks down

• rheumatoid: an autoimmune disorder causing joint inflammation and pain; joints attacked by own immune system

• gout: a form of arthritis characterized by sudden, severe pain, redness, and swelling in joints, often caused by excess uric acid.

Three things that methods used for advertising focus on

• Ethos- honesty 

• Pathos- emotions/ feelings 

• Logos- science-based knowledge/ reasoning 

Bandwagon advertising

-focuses on the consumer's need to belong to a group
-convinces the consumer that everyone is using it and they need to partake or they will be left out or behind
-Ex. "America loves McDonalds"

Testimonials

• statements from satisfied customers (usually a famous peson) that highlight product benefits and effectiveness.

Name calling

trash-talking competitors

Transference

• hen you use positive words to associate a product with something good 

Loaded words

-Words that are emotionally charged--either positively or negatively.
-Ex. "Pro death vs Pro life"

weasel words

-words or statements that are intentionally ambiguous or misleading.
-Ex. "Pain relief up to..."

Flattery advertising

-appeals to the audience's vanity
-Ex. Commercial that praises moms for their hard work and then advertises a specific brand of diaper