Waves and electromagnetic Radiation

What color has the longest wavelength

Red

What color has the smallest wavelength

violet

The wave that has the longest wavelength

Radio waves

The wave with the second longest wavelength

Microwaves

Frequency and wavelength have ….

an inverse relationship, meaning that as one increases, the other decreases

Relationship of amplitude and frequency

changing one does not directly change the other

Relationship of amount of energy & wavelength

as wavelength decreases, energy increases, and as wavelength increases, energy decreases

𝐸=ℎ𝑐𝜆

Relationship of wavelength and energy

as wavelength decreases, energy increases, and as wavelength increases, energy decreases.

𝐸=ℎ𝑐𝜆

Hund’s Rules

Diamagnetic w/ no unpaired electrons

Pauli Exclusion Principle

In an atom, this means no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers: the principal (n), angular momentum (𝑙), magnetic (𝑚𝑙), and spin (𝑚𝑠) quantum numbers. As a result, each atomic orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons.

Balmer Series

Set of spectral lines from hydrogen that correspond to electron transitions from higher energy levels to the second energy level (𝑛=2). Visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Paschen Series

The final energy level of the electron, which is always n=3. The electron jumps to this level from any higher principal energy level. Infrared region of the spectrum.

Lyman Series

Electrons move from higher energy levels ( n=2,3,4,...n equals 2 comma 3 comma 4 comma point point point

𝑛=2,3,4,...) to the lowest energy level (n=1n equals 1 𝑛=1). In ultraviolet region

Paramagnetic

At least one unpaired (lone electrons)

Diamagnetic

All electrons are paired.

Relationship of IE to relative atomic size

Ionization energy increases as the atomic size decreases for an element.