EXAM 3 Chap 7 (updated)

5. Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A. Epiphyseal line

B. Endosteum

C. Red bone marrow

D. Yellow bone marrow

E. Nutrient foramina

C

12. Consider the classifications of bone, and examples of each. Which classification comprises bones used primarily for movement rather than protection?

A. Short bones

B. Long bones

C. Flat bones

D. Irregular bones

E. Regular bones

B

15. The shaft of a long bone is called the _________.

diaphysis

29.

During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the

A. chondrocytes.

B. osteocytes.

C. fibroblasts.

D. chondroblasts.

E. osteoblasts.

D

38. What would be the effect on bone growth of insufficient dietary calcium?

A.

There would be no effect, because the body is able to synthesize calcium.

B. The matrix would be softer.

C. The bone would be less flexible.

D. The epiphyseal plates would ossify earlier in development.

E. There would be increased formation of spongy bone.

B

41. In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.

A. osteonic canals

B. blood vessels

C. lamellae

D. canaliculi

E. perforating canals

D

48.

Before beginning orthodontic treatment, a patient may have her wrist and hand x-rayed to determine her stage of growth. What feature of the long bones will the orthodontist use to assess this?

A. Osteon

B. Periosteum

C. Spongy bone

D. Epiphyseal plate

E. Compact bone

D

52. Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological order?

a: Formation of lamellar bone

b: Osteoid undergoes calcification

c: Ossification centers form

d: Formation of woven bone and its periosteum

A. b - a - c - d

B. c - b - d - a

C. c - b - a - d

D. a - c - d - b

E. b - c - d - a

B

66.

Which hormone inhibits bone growth?

A. Calcitonin

B. Estrogen and testosterone

C. Thyroid hormone

D. Parathyroid hormone

E. Growth hormone

D

69.

To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the

A. liver to produce somatomedin.

B. liver to produce calcitonin.

C. brain to produce serotonin.

D. parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.

E. thyroid to produce calcitriol.

A

77. Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by _______ levels of calcium in the blood.

A. high

B. low

B

80.

Calcitonin _________ osteoclast activity, which will _________ blood calcium levels.

A.

stimulates, increase

B.

stimulates, decrease

C.

inhibits, increase

D.

inhibits, decrease

D

81. Which hormone normally has a more significant effect on blood calcium levels in adults?

A. Calcitonin

B. Parathyroid hormone

B

83. A fracture parallel to the long axis of the bone is a(n) _________ fracture.

A. transverse

B. oblique

C. linear

D. comminuted

E. medial

C

93.

This figure illustrates the microscopic anatomy of spongy bone. What bone feature does number 4 indicate?

A. Osteocyte in lacuna

B. Trabeculae

C. Osteon

D. Canaliculus

E. Perforating canal

A

97. This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. Which is the zone of proliferating cartilage?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

E. 5

B

112. Found within both the periosteum and endosteum, _________ cells are derived from mesenchyme and serve as the stem cells of bone.

osteoprogenitor

115. A fracture of the distal end of the radius is a _________ fracture.

Colles

In an adult, red bone marrow is found in all of the following bones except the

A. sternum.

B. vertebrae.

C. radius of forearm.

D. ribs

C

Bone remodeling is important for all of the following reasons except

A. changes in bone shape.

B. sodium ion regulation in the body.

C. adjustment to physical stress.

D. bone growth.

B