Chapter 22: Vasculature

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IMPORTANT NOTE

II. Major ARTERIES of the Body
A. Branches off the Aorta

1) Ascending Aorta
    - Right and left coronary arteries (previously mentioned with blood supply to the heart)

Name the 3 Layers of the “Blood Vessel” from INNERMOST TO OUTERMOST.

1. Tunica Interna (Tunica Intima)

2. Tunica Media

3. Tunica Externa (Adventitia)

Name one of the 3 Layers of the “Blood Vessel” from INNERMOST TO OUTERMOST.

Tunica Interna (Tunica Intima).

Name the second of the 3 Layers of the “Blood Vessel” from INNERMOST TO OUTERMOST.

Tunica Media.

Name the third of the 3 Layers of the “Blood Vessel” from INNERMOST TO OUTERMOST.

Tunica Externa (Adventitia).

Locate where the “Tunica Interna (tunica intima)” is found.

LINES the lumen.

What does the “Tunica Interna (tunica intima)” consists of?

1. Endothelium

2. INTERNAL elastic membrane

The INTERNAL elastic membrane of the “Tunica Interna (tunica intima)” can be found in …

In the largest vessels.

What does the “Tunica Media” consists of?

1. SMOOTH muscle

2. ELASTIC & COLLAGEN fibers

The elastic & collagen fibers of the “Tunica Media” has what amount?

The amount varies.

What does the “Tunica Externa (Adventitia)” consists of?

1. DENSE connective tissue

The DENSE connective tissue of the “Tunica Externa (Adventitia)” functions to …

STABILIZE and ANCHORS blood vessels TO other structures.

Define the function for “Arteries” of the Blood Vessel.

Carries blood AWAY FROM the heart.

Name the 3 Classifications of “Arteries”.

1. Elastic Arteries

2. Muscular Arteries

3. Arterioles

Name one of the 3 Classifications of “Arteries”.

Elastic Arteries.

Name one of the 3 Classifications of “Arteries”.

Muscular Arteries.

Name one of the 3 Classifications of “Arteries”.

Arterioles.

What is the measurement of “Elastic Arteries”?

LARGEST artery; 2.5–1 cm diameter.

Name two examples of “Elastic Arteries”.

1. Aorta

2. MAJOR branches

Which artery is the biggest?

Aorta artery (elastic artery).

One function of “Elastic Arteries”.

Allow vessels to EXPAND and RECOIL to help push blood.

What happens when “Elastic Arteries” are EXPANDED?

Allow vessls to help push blood.

What happens when “Elastic Arteries” are NOT EXPANDED?

The artery is CONTRACTED & has a pleated appearance ON the inside.

Name another function of “Elastic Arteries”.

DAMPENS pressure PRODUCED by the heartbeat.

What is the measurement of “Muscualr Arteries”?

MEDIUM; 1 cm–0.3 mm diameter.

Define the function of “Muscualr Arteries”.

The DISTRIBUTION artery.

What does the “Muscular Artery” contain?

1. The tunica media.

Define the tunica media of the “Muscular Artery”.

The THICKEST layer.

What happens when the tunica media of the “Muscular Artery” CONTRACTS?

Causes vasoconstriction.

What happens when the tunica media of the “Muscular Artery” RELAXES?

Causes vasodilation.

Both of the vasodilation & vasoconstriction of the “Muscular Artery” changes …

The AMOUNT of blood GOING INTO each organ.

What is the measurement of “Arterioles”?

The SMALLEST artery.

What does the “Arterioles” contain?

1. Tunica media

The Tunica media of the “Arterioles” has ONLY how many layers?

1–2 layers of smooth muscle cells.

What connective tissue does the “Capillaries” of the Blood Vessel contains?

ONLY endothelium.

What are the Two Structures associated with the “Capillaries”?

1. Capillary Beds

2. Capillary Sphincters

Name one of the Two Structures associated with the “Capillaries”.

Capillary Beds.

Name one of the Two Structures associated with the “Capillaries”.

Capillary Sphincters.

Define “Capillary Beds”.

An interconnected network of a capillary.

“Capillary Beds” are controlled by …

Capillary Sphincters.

Define “Capillary Sphincters”.

MICROMANAGES blood flow TO various SMALL areas of the body.

What happens when the “Capillary Sphincters” CONTRACT?

CUTS OFF capillary bed & DIVERT blood AWAY FROM that area of the body.

What happens to the capillaries when your finger tips turns white?

The capillary network SQUEEZING OFF the finger tips.

How many red blood cells (erythrocytes) can pass through “Capillaries”?

Because capillaries are so NARROW, only ONE red blood cell can PASS THROUGH at a time.

Because “Capillaries” are so narrow, allowing only one red blood cell (erythrocytes) to pass through, what happens to the red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

Cells FORM stacks called “Rouleaux”.

The structure of the “Capillary” allows the blood flow to what in their speed.

Blood flow SLOWS DOWN to ALLOW gas & nutrient exchange.

The structure of the “Capillary” allows the blood flow to slow down to allow …

Gas & nutrient exchange VIA DIFFUSION across the capillary wall.

After gas exchange within the “Capillary” what becomes what?

Oxygenated blood (red) BECOMES deoxygenated (blue).

What drives blood flow in the “Capillaries”?

The pressure gradient DRIVES blood flow for the heart to PUMP blood into the capillaries.

What happens when the blood is in the “Capillaries”?

Once in, the pressure DECREASES.

Where does the pressure drop end up at?

On the “venous end”.

At the “Venous End” the pressure drop allows what?

Allows fluid to MOVE into the “venules” (smallest veins).

Describe the function of the “Venules”.

COLLECTS blood and RETURN it TO the heart.

What are the Two Types of “Capillaries”?

1. Continuous Capillary

2. Fenestrated Capillary (porous)

Name one of the Two Types of “Capillaries”.

Continuous Capillary.

Name one of the Two Types of “Capillaries”.

Fenestrated Capillary (porous).

What contains the “Continuous Capillary”?

Have an endothelium that completely SURROUNDS the lumen.

The endothelium of the “Continuous Capillary” surrounds the …

Lumen.

What connects to the endothelium cells of the “Continuous Capillary”?

TIGHT junctions & desmosomes.

What contains the “Fenestrated Capillary”?

“Windows,”/pores IN their walls.

Why does the “Fenestrated Capillary” contain pores in their walls?

Due to an INCOMPLETE/PERFORATED (periced) endothelial lining.

Define the function for “Veins” of the Blood Vessel.

CARRIES blood TOWARDS the heart.

Name the 3 Classifications of “Veins” from smallest to largest.

1. Venules

2. Medium Veins

3. Large Veins

Name one of the 3 Classifications of “Veins” from smallest to largest.

Venules.

Name one of the 3 Classifications of “Veins” from smallest to largest.

Medium Veins.

Name one of the 3 Classifications of “Veins” from smallest to largest.

Large Veins.

What does the “Venules” contains?

1. ONE LAYER of endothelium.

2. An OUTER SHEATH of collagen.

The “Venules” contains ONE LAYER of…

Endothelium.

The “Venules” contains an OUTER SHEATH of …

Collagen.

Describe the “Venules” sizes.

Sizes VARY.

What contains the “Medium Veins”?

Valves.

Name the function for “Medium Veins”.

MOVES blood VIA skeletal muscle CONTRACTION.

The “Medium Veins” moves blood via …

Skeletal muscle CONTRACTION.

The Type of “Large Veins” is the …

Great Veins.

Name two examples of the “Great Veins”.

1. INFERIOR Vena Cava (IVC)

2. SUPERIOR Vena Cava (SVC)

Define “Varicose Veins”.

Of the small and medium veins, are CAUSED by FAULTY valves.

How do “Veins” move blood?

Using SURROUNDING skeletal muscle CONTRACTION.

When “Veins” move blood, why does it propell in ONE DIRECTION?

Because valves PREVENT backflow INTO the PREVIOUS segment.

Name the Locations of where the Four Major “Arteries” are of the Body.

1. “Arteries” that BRANCHES OFF the “Aorta”.

2. “Arteries” of the “Subclavian Branches”.

3. “Arteries” of the “Common Carotid Branches”.

4. “Arteries” TO the Brain.

5. “Arteries” of the Leg.

Name one Location for where the Four Major “Arteries” are of the Body.

“Arteries” that BRANCHES OFF the “Aorta”.

Name one Location for where the Four Major “Arteries” are of the Body.

“Arteries” of the “Subclavian Branches”.

Name one Location for where the Four Major “Arteries” are of the Body.

“Arteries” of the “Common Carotid Branches”.

Name one Location for where the Four Major “Arteries” are of the Body.

“Arteries” TO the Brain.

Name one Location for where the Four Major “Arteries” are of the Body.

“Arteries” of the Leg.

Name the locations for the Four Major “Arteries” that BRANCHES OFF the “Aorta”.

1. Ascending Aorta.

2. Arch of Aorta.

3. Thoracic Aorta.

4. Abdominal Aorta.

Name one location of the Four Major “Arteries” that BRANCHES OFF the “Aorta”.

Ascending Aorta.

Name one location of the Four Major “Arteries” that BRANCHES OFF the “Aorta”.

Arch of Aorta.

Name one location of the Four Major “Arteries” that BRANCHES OFF the “Aorta”.

Thoracic Aorta.

Name one location of the Four Major “Arteries” that BRANCHES OFF the “Aorta”.

Abdominal Aorta.

Name the 2 Major “Arteries” at the “Ascending Aorta”.

1. RIGHT coronary arteries.

2. LEFT coronary arteries.

Name one of the 2 Major “Arteries” at the “Ascending Aorta”.

RIGHT coronary arteries.

Name one of the 2 Major “Arteries” at the “Ascending Aorta”.

LEFT coronary arteries.

Name the 3 Major “Arteries” at the “Arch of Aorta”.

1. BRACHIOCEPHALIC trunk.

2. LEFT common carotid.

3. LEFT subclavian.

Name one of the 3 Major “Arteries” at the “Arch of Aorta”.

BRACHIOCEPHALIC trunk.

Name one of the 3 Major “Arteries” at the “Arch of Aorta”.

LEFT common carotid.

Name one of the 3 Major “Arteries” at the “Arch of Aorta”.

LEFT subclavian.

The “Brachiocephalic Trunk” (artery) divides into …

1. RIGHT subclavian (artery).

2. RIGHT common carotid (artery).

Name one of divided artery of the “Brachiocephalic Trunk” (artery).

RIGHT subclavian (artery).

Name one of divided artery of the “Brachiocephalic Trunk” (artery).

RIGHT common carotid (artery).

Name the 6 Major “Arteries” at the “Thoracic Aorta”.

1. Bronchial.

2. Esophageal.

3. Mediastinal.

4. Pericardial.

5. POSTERIOR intercostal.

6. SUPERIOR phrenic.