APUSH: Period 3

The Proclamation of 1763 sought to...

prevent conflicts with American Indians on the colonial frontier

The Proclamation of 1763 did which of the following?

Set a boundary along the crest of the Appalachians beyond which the English colonists were forbidden to settle.

A Maryland master placed the following newspaper advertisement in 1772 after Harry, his slave, had run away: "He has been seen about the Negro Quarters in Patuxent, but is supposed to have removed among his Acquaintances on Potomack; he is also well acquainted with a Negro of Mr. Wall's named Rachael; a few miles from that Quarter is his Aunt, and he may possibly be harbored thereabouts."

Which of the following statements about conditions under slavery is best supported by the passage above?

Slaves maintained social networks among kindred and friends despite forced separations.

The American colonists' slogan "No taxation without representation" was a rejection of...

Virtual representation

The role of women expressed in the cult of domesticity had its roots in...

Republican motherhood

France decided to aid the North American colonies in their war for independence primarily because France...

wanted to weaken the British empire

All of the following groups of non-English colonists migrated into the British North American colonies in large numbers throughout the eighteenth century EXCEPT

Russians

The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did all of the following EXCEPT

determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights

By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in...

the people

After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that...

women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic

The government under the Articles of Confederation consisted of...

only a unicameral legislature

Which of the following contributed most to the American Victory in the Revolution?

French military and financial assistance

Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to...

levy taxes

The concept of republican motherhood, which historians have used to describe the roles of women in the early nineteenth century, emphasized the...

idea that mothers were responsible for instilling good citizenship values in children

"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington."

-John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815

Which of the following factors most directly contradicted Adams' theory about the Revolution?

The existence of considerable Loyalist opposition to the Patriot cause

"What do we mean by the Revolution? The war? That was no part of the Revolution; it was only an effect and consequence of it. The Revolution was in the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775, in the course of fifteen years, before a drop of blood was shed at Lexington."

John Adams, former president of the United States, letter to Thomas Jefferson, former president of the United States, 1815

Which of the following is the most likely reason why Adams dates the beginning of the American Revolution to the 1760s?

Renewed efforts by Great Britain to consolidate imperial control over the colonies

The First Continental Congress called for the Continental Association to...

enforce an economic boycott of British goods

A major consequence of the French and Indian War of 1754-1763 was the...

shrinking of Spanish territorial claims in North America

"'I ordered my company to fire,' [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754-60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756-63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: 'The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.'"

Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997

Britain attempted to pay for the debt resulting from the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) by

increasing taxes on goods bought and sold in the colonies

"'I ordered my company to fire,' [George] Washington reported. . . . This incident . . . led to massive French retaliation and the outbreak of what was soon a world war. It raged in North America for six years, 1754-60, in Central and South America, in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, in India and the East, and not least in Europe, where it was known as the Seven Years War (1756-63). . . . Horace Walpole [stated]: 'The volley fired by a young Virginian in the backwoods of America set the world on fire.'"

Paul Johnson, historian, A History of the American People, 1997

Which of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) in North America?

Intensified competition between France and Britain over colonies

The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to...

overcome state-imposed tariff barriers to interstate commerce

The Sons of Liberty initiated the Boston Tea Party in direct response to...

British efforts to protect the East India Company from bankruptcy

The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT

call for the abolition of the slave trade

The Proclamation Line of 1763 was designed to...

limit western expansion of colonial settlement

After the French and Indian War, British political leaders were determined to...

require the North American colonies to pay a greater share of the empire's administrative expenses

"It was painful for me, on a subject of such national importance, to differ from the respectable members who signed the Constitution; but conceiving, as I did, that the liberties of America were not secured by the system, it was my duty to oppose it.

"My principal objections to the plan are, that there is no adequate provision for a representation of the people; . . . that some of the powers of the legislature are ambiguous . . . ; that the executive is blended with, and will have an undue influence over, the legislature; that the judicial department will be oppressive; . . . and that the system is without the security of a bill of rights. These are objections which are not local, but apply equally to all the states.

"As the Convention was called for the 'sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation . . . ,' I did not conceive that these powers extend to the formation of the plan proposed; but the Convention being of a different opinion, I acquiesced [agreed] in it, being fully convinced that, to preserve the Union, an efficient government was indispensably necessary, and that it would be difficult to make proper amendments to the Articles of Confederation.

"The Constitution proposed has few, if any, federal features, but is rather a system of national government. Nevertheless, in many respects, I think it has great merit, and, by proper amendments, may be adapted. . . .

"Others may suppose that the Constitution may be safely adopted, because therein provision is made to amend it. But cannot this object be better attained before a ratification than after it? And should a free people adopt a form of government under conviction that it wants [needs] amendment?"

Elbridge Gerry, letter to the Massachusetts state legislature, 1787

Gerry made which of the following arguments in the excerpt about the Articles of Confederation?

The problems of the Articles could not be fixed by the state delegates.

The "Three-Fifths Compromise" originally contained in the Constitution referred to the...

rate at which one slave counted toward congressional representation

Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense attacked which of the following?

The king of England and the principle of monarchy

Briefly describe ONE specific historical difference between the role of religion in Spanish colonization and in the colonization of New England.

New England colonists were typically Protestant while Spanish colonists were Catholic.

Briefly describe ONE specific historical similarity between the role of religion in Spanish colonization and in the colonization of New England.

Both groups of colonizers sought to proselytize Christianity (Catholicism and Puritanism) and convert Native Americans in the New World.

Briefly explain ONE specific historical effect of religion on the development of society in either the Spanish colonies or the New England colonies.

Spanish: Encomienda system

Which colonial characteristic was clearly demonstrated by the Seven Years War?

The disrupting influence of inter colonial disunity.

What did the concept of the "republican mother" suggest after the revolution?

Women would be responsible for raising heir children especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic.

What was a major consequence of the French and Indian war from 1754-1763?

Imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies.

What objections did colonists have regarding the Quebec Act in 1774?

French Canadians were guaranteed a right to the catholic faith and their province extended down to the Ohio river.

King George III declared the colonies in rebellion in August 1775 and then shocked the colonists by taking what action?

Hired German mercenaries to fight against the colonials in America.

The Great Compromise contained what agreement?

Congress would have two house sight the lower house basing representation on population.

What was the purpose of the crucial 9th amendment to the constitution?

Guaranteed that states rights not listed for the people would still be retained by them.

The Regulator movement of the 1770s, Shays' Rebellion in 1786, and the Whiskey Rebellion of the early 1790s were all expressions of the hostility of frontier settlers towards what?

The dominance of eastern interests in government.

Why was the electoral college designed?

To insulate the presidency from the popular will.

The two party system had never been envisioned by the Founding Fathers. It's emergence is described by what statements?

Party positions tended to separate those who favored states' rights form those who favored strong central government, centered around opposition or support for Hamilton's financial policies, and partisanship in the newspapers of Hamilton/Jefferson's day was a major factor in the development of political parties.

Who are the Founding Fathers?

Washington, Adams, Hamilton, Jefferson, Franklin, Madison

Who was the target of the Sedition Act?

Critics of the Adams administration, especially newspaper editors.

What did George Washington do in conjunction with refusing to side with either the French or the British in the Proclamation of Neutrality?

Directed all Americans to remain impartial toward the belligerents (hostile or aggressive).

What was the most important accomplishment of the Stamp Act Congress?

Establishment of the first inter colonial committees of correspondence as well as indirectly beginning the process of unifying the various colonial leaders.

What was the primary position of the Albany plan?

Secure the loyalty of the Indian tribes.

How were the colonists viewed under the authority of mercantilism?

Colonists are considered tenants on the king's land.

Besides putting more money and British armies into the war effort, what ultimately allowed the British to defeat the French in the French and Indian War?

A) France received no help from Native Americans in the Ohio Valley.

B) Spain sent even more soldiers to North America than the British.

C) The British colonial population far outnumbered that of French settlements.

D) George Washington was able to convince many Native Americans to switch their allegiance to the British.

C) The British colonial population far outnumbered that of French settlements.

Why was the Proclamation of 1763 difficult to enforce?

A) The French refused to leave forts in the Ohio Valley.

B) The colonial assemblies wanted to avoid wars with Native Americans.

C) It involved a large geographical area.

D) Most Native American tribes did not agree with the policy.

C) It involved a large geographical area.

During the French and Indian War, how did the Quakers uphold their principles?

A) They asked for a holiday to honor William Penn.

B) They asked for war against the French due to the aggressive French colonial incursion into western Pennsylvania.

C) They praised the middle ground because it brought wealth to Pennsylvanians.

D) They refused to endorse the war and resigned their colonial assembly seats.

D) They refused to endorse the war and resigned their colonial assembly seats.

With the Peace of Paris (1763):

A) Spain lost Texas.

B) Russia started to settle California.

C) France lost its North American empire.

D) The fighting only stopped in North America but continued in Europe.

C) France lost its North American empire.

What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?

A) To end the slave trade

B) To bring stability to the colonial frontier

C) To protect the Indians

D) To open up more land for settlement

B) To bring stability to the colonial frontier

What was an important origin of the American Revolution?

A) The Sugar Act financially hurt New England merchants.

B) The Stamp Act was a tax that most colonists had to pay.

C) The colonists did not want the writs of assistance to be used.

D) The colonists criticized the lack of representation in Parliament.

D) The colonists criticized the lack of representation in Parliament.

In what way did Thomas Paine's Common Sense influence Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence?

a) Both Jefferson and Paine discussed how the United States could create a navy.

b) Paine criticized using slaves from Africa, and that same criticism appeared in the Declaration of Independence.

C) Both documents contradicted the ideas of John Locke.

D) Both showed how a king can be a tyrant.

D) Both showed how a king can be a tyrant (cruel, oppressive ruler)

Britain responded to the Boston Tea Party with:

A) The Intolerable Acts.

B) A declaration of war.

C) The Boston Massacre.

D) The Suffolk Resolves

A) The Intolerable Acts.

During the 1780s, what would an American say was the best option for Native Americans in the United States?

A) Become farmers

B) Leave the United States

C) Fight

D) Ask for help from the British

B) Leave the United States

Which of the followings members serve for six year terms?

A) House of Representatives

B) Congress (both houses)

C) Senate

D) President/Executive Branch

E) State Legislatures

C

Which of the followings members serve for two year terms?

A) House of Representatives

B) Congress (both houses)

C) Senate

D) State Legislatures

E) Supreme Court Judges

F) President/Executive Branch

A) House of Representatives

What was the purpose of the land ordinance of 1785? How was it accomplished?

the purpose was to set up a system of surveying and settling the Northwest Territory. It was accomplished because they territory divided into townships each town ship had 36 sections, 1 section= 1 sq. mile, contained 640 acres

What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 accomplish?

it set up a government for the Northwest territory, guarantying basic rights to settlers and outlawed slavery, and allowed the regions to separate territories in the future, and finally once a territory had a pop of 60,000 it could ask congress to be admitted as a state.

What states established after the Northwest ordinance?

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin

What was Shay's Rebellion?

it was a rebellion led by daniel shays and 2,000 farmers who thought they were being treated unfairly, they attacked courthouses and prevented the state from seizing farms.

What was the result of Shays rebellion?

people realized that they articles of confederation didn't work.

What is "separation of powers?"

principle by which the powers of government are divided among separate branches so not one part of government gets to much power.

What is federalism?

the division of power between the states and the national government.

What is electoral college?

group of electors from every state who meet every four years to vote for the president and the vice president of the US.

What is the 1st bill of rights?

You have the freedom of speech, religion, press, and assembly.

what was the New Jersey plan?

had a 3 branch government but had a legislature with only one house with each state having only one rep no matter the pop of the state.

What was the Virginia Plan?

had a 3 branch government with a legislative branch with 2 houses with each state having reps based on population.

What was the great compromise?

Created a bicameral legislature (combined VA and NJ plans to create Congress) one house based on representation, one house has equal representation

What was the 3/5 compromise?

Determined 3/5 slaves would count towards population for representation in Congress - favored the South.

What ideas were adopted by the framers of the constitution?

the English bill of rights, mayflower compact, magna carta, house of burgesses, charters, 2nd continental congress, articles of confederation, enlightenment period, spirit of laws.

When the Second Continental Congress met in 1775...

A) its members felt a strong desire for independence.

B) it cut off communications with the British government.

C) it continued to stall on the creation of an army and navy.

D) there was no well-defined sentiment for independence.

E) the conservative element was weakened.

D) there was no well-defined sentiment for independence.

Perhaps the most important single action of the Second Continental Congress was to...

A) select George Washington to head the army.

B) draft new appeals to the king.

C) adopt measures to raise money.

D) postpone an immediate demand for independence.

E) support independence.

A) select George Washington to head the army.

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) fighting at Lexington and Concord, (B) convening of the Second Continental Congress, (C) publication of Common Sense, (D) adoption of the Declaration of Independence.

(A) B, C, A, D

(B) A, B, C, D

(C) A, C, D, B

(D) C, D, A, B

(E) A, B, D, C

(B) A, B, C, D

1.Fighting at Lexington

2.Conveing of Second Continental Congress

3.Publication of Common Sense

4.Adoption of the Declaration of Independence

As commander of America's Revolutionary army, George Washington exhibited all of the following except...

A) military genius.

B) courage.

C) a sense of justice.

D) moral force.

E) patience.

A) military genius.

The Revolutionary War began with fighting in __________; then in 1777-1778, fighting was concentrated in __________; and the fighting concluded in __________.

A) the South, the middle colonies, New England

B) the middle colonies, New England, the South

C) New England, the South, the middle colonies

D) New England, the middle colonies, the South

E) the middle colonies, the South, New England

D) New England, the middle colonies, the South

George Washington's selection to lead the colonial army was...

A) a poor choice.

B) largely political.

C) based solely on military experience. D) opposed by New Englanders.

E) done with no misgivings

B) largely political.

In 1775, once fighting between the colonies and Great Britain began...

A) America immediately declared its independence.

B) the tempo of warfare diminished.

C) the colonists denounced the Parliament.

D) the colonists affirmed their loyalty to the King.

E) all of the above.

D) the colonists affirmed their loyalty to the King.

King George III officially declared the colonies in rebellion just after...

A) the armed clash at Lexington and Concord.

B) the First Continental Congress convened.

C) the Battle of Bunker Hill.

D) Benedict Arnold's forces' captured Ticonderoga and Crown Point.

E) hiring Hessian soldiers to fight in America.

C) the Battle of Bunker Hill.

One purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to...

A) warn other nations to stay out of the Revolution.

B) ask for an end to slavery.

C) appeal for fairer treatment by Parliament.

D) explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted.

E) condemn Parliament for its actions.

D) explain to the rest of the world why the colonies had revolted

In a republic, power...

A) comes from the aristocrats.

B) comes from a select few based on religion.

C) comes from the people themselves. D) resides in property owners.

E) belongs only to the educated.

C) comes from the people themselves.

The Declaration of Independence did all of the following except...

A) invoke the natural rights of humankind to justify revolt.

B) catalog the tyrannical actions of King George III.

C) argue that royal tyranny justified revolt.

D) offered the British one last chance at reconciliation.

E) accused the British of violating the natural rights of the Americans.

D) offered the British one last chance at reconciliation.

French & Indian War (7 Years War) 1754-1763

-caused by English encroachment onto French lands.

-Most natives (except Iroquois- split) sided with the French.

-Great Britain wins the war, France is removed from North America.

-Conflicts emerge between American colonists and Natives as colonists seek to expand. (Pontiacs Rebellion)

Americans who opposed independence for the colonies were labeled __________ or _______________, and the independence-seeking Patriots were also known as _______________.

A) Tories, Whigs, Loyalists

B) Loyalists, Tories, Whigs

C) Whigs, Tories, Loyalists

D) Loyalists, Whigs, Tories

E) Sons of Liberty, Tories, Whigs

B) Loyalists, Tories, Whigs

Reasons for the Growth of the First Party System.

1780's Version

-Favored the ratification of the constitution and a stronger central government.

-Key federalists

-John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison (The Federalist Papers)

1790s Version

-Political party led by Hamilton

*Democratic-Republicans

Democrats, Republicans, Jeffersonians

-Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

What helped Parties...

The founding fathers did not foresee political parties

-Not mentioned in the constitution

Hamilton received mush opposition to his financial plan (especially the BUS)

-Opposition was lead by Jefferson

-Eventually, two parties emerged, led by Hamilton and Jefferson

Democratic-Republicans (Jeffersonians)

-Supported by: Commoners, middle class

-Interpretation of Constitution: Strict interpretation- only could do what Constitution states

-Foreign Policy: Pro-French: Ally during the Revolution, distrusted British

-Economy Should be based on: Agriculture: Farming should be the backbone of the economy

-View of BUS: disliked it, favored the rich

Federalists (Hamiltonians)

-Supported by: wealthy, aristocrats

-Interpretation of Constitution: Loose interpretation-what Constitution does not forbid, one can do

-Foreign Policy: Pro-British: trade, powerful country

-Economy should be based on: merchants and trade

-View of BUS:Liked it: helped simulate the economy, build credit

Analyzing the 7 Years' War as a turning point.

-When was it?

-war between Britain and colonists and the French and many Native tribes.

-When was it?

-1754-1763

-Who won the war?

-The British, France was removed from North America

-*Victory from colonists?

-THAT WAS THE TURNING POINT!!!

-British colonists sought to expand into the Ohio River Valley.

-George Washington

-Albany Plan of Union:

-Benjamin Franklin's plan to unite the colonies

-Rejected by colonial legislatures

-Salutary Neglect!

-Britain's lax policy towards the colonies

-Britain the colonies alone as long as they were profitable

-When it comes to 1763, think PEEP!

- Pontiac's Rebellion:

-Native American rebellion in Ohio and Michigan areas against British colonial expansion

-End of the 7 years War:

-British defeats the French, gain land to the Mississippi River

-End of Salutary Neglect:

-Britain is in MASSIVE war DEBT, takes a more hands-on approach with the colonies

-Proclamation Line of 1763:

-Forbid colonies expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains

-Infuriated colonists

-The relationship between Britain and the colonies drastically changed.

-Britain is in DEBT! Ends Salutary neglect, colonists resist the new Britain Acts

-Proclamation Line --> Some colonists ignored

-Stamp Act --> Stamp Act Congress (boycott, tar, and feathering)

-Tea Act --> Boston Tea Party

- Intolerable Acts --> First Continental Congress

Until 1776, most colonists did not want independence, rather, they longes for the days of salutary neglect.

-Changes:

-End of Salutary Neglect! (This is everything)

-Emergence of colonial unity AGAINST the British

-Stamp Act Congress

-Treatment of American soldiers- could only be promoted so far

-Continuities:

-Colonists viewed themselves as British

-Most colonists did NOT want independence (until 1776)

-Possible Synthesis Point:

-Connecting the 7 Years' War to the American Revolution

-Social, economic, and Political categories

Comparing and Contrasting the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.

In both, the laws are made by the legislature, whereby the articles of confederation have only one house which is referred to as Congress, and the constitution has got two houses... The articles of confederation do not recognize any executive, but the constitution acknowledges the president as the executive.

Impact of the 7 Years' War

France was removed from North America; Great Britain was in massive debt, began to consolidate control over colonies - taxes; many colonists resisted

Common Sense

Written by T-Paine, and Enlightenment thinker. Urged that it was "Common Sense" that colonies should break away from Great Britain

Declaration of Independence

Inspired by Common Sense and Enlightenment ideals; inspired France and countries in Latin America to experience revolutions

Reasons for Patriot Victory in the Revolutionary War

Colonists' familiarity with the land; political and military leadership (Washington); ideological commitment (Natural Rights); Support from European Allies (France after Saratoga)

Northwest Land Ordinance

Passed under Articles - banned slavery in NW territory (OH, MI, IN, etc.); created a process for admitting new states (60,000 inhabitants)

Articles of Confederation

First governing document of US - created a WEAK central government; issues with trade - different currencies in each state, tariffs on goods traded between states

Constitution

Replaced the Articles - series of compromises (Great, 3/5, Slave Trade); provided limits on federal power (separation of powers); did not address problems of slavery

Washington's Farewell Address

Warned of entangling foreign alliances and political parties; helped inspire foreign policy until after WWII

Republican Motherhood

Expectation that women would instill Republican values in children and be active in families; helped increase education for women

Bill of Rights

Added AFTER the Constitutional Convention; created to gain support of anti-Federalists; guaranteed rights of individuals