Anatomy Lab practical 1

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316 Terms

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Human Anatomy
the understanding of the structure of the human body
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Human Physiology
study of the function of the human body
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Scientific Method steps
Question

Research

Hypothesis

Experiment

Data Analysis

Conclusion

Communication

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Hypothesis
a testable proposal that seeks to explain a scientific question
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Experiment
Testing done to prove or disprove the hypothesis
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Data
pieces of information or facts obtained and later examined to support or reject the proposed hypothesis
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What is the ratio between a millimeter (mm) and a cubic centimeter
1 to 1
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What is the metric unit for length
meter
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What is the metric unit for volume
liters
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What is the metric unit for mass
grams
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What is the metric unit for time
seconds
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Kilo
1,000 times greater
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Deca
10 times greater
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Deci
1/10 as much
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Centi
1/100 as much
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Milli
1/1000 as much
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Micro
1/1000000 (one millionth as much)
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Nano
1/1000000000 (one billionth as much)
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Independent variable
the single variable that is changed to see how it effects the subject
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Dependent variable
the results caused by the change in the independent variable
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What is the scale for pH
Acidic (0-7)

Neutral (7)

Basic or Alkaline (7-14)
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What makes something acidic or basic.
When the substance is placed into a liquid and the substance dissociates or breaks apart, an Acidic solution means more H+ broke over from the overall substance then OH-, this is then opposite for a basic solution. If the solution is neutral, that means the substance dissoicated evernly into H+ and OH- ions.
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Hydroxide ion
OH-
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What does pH refer to
the concentration of H+ ions
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What is the difference between the pH of 5 and the pH of 6 on the scale.
the concentration of the H+ ion would be in difference of 10. There are 10 times more H+ ion in a solution with the pH of 5 then there are in the pH of 6
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Buffers
materials that resist change in pH
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Covalent bonds
molecules where bonded atoms share electrons
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Ionic bonds
electrons from one atom are transferred to another atom and the result is an atom with a positive change and an atom with a negative charge (this is done because atom what to have a full electron shell of 8 electrons)
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Which type of bonds are dissociated in water
Ionic bonds
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Hydrogen bonds
when the electrons of the hydrogen atom are attracted to another atom
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Regional anatomy
the study of particulate areas of the body
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Systemic anatomy
the study of organ systems
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What are the 11 organ systems
Reproductive

Urinary

Nervous

Muscular

Respiratory

Skeletal

Lympathic

Integumentary

Digestive

Endocrine

Circulatory
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Reproductive organ system
the gonads (testes and ovaries)

contain the sex producing cells of the body and the organs (uterus, vagina, penis, seminal vesicles)
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Reproductive organ system function
transport of sec cells and the development of the fetus
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Urinary organ system
kidneys, urinary bladder, urethra

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the kidneys are the filters of the body, the urinary bladder the storage organ and the urethra exit tube
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Urinary organ system function
ridding the body of nitrogenous wastes, adjusting chemical balance of body fluids, and maintaining blood volume
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Nervous organ system
brain, spinal cord, nerves
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Nervous organ system function
coordinates body movements, interprets environmental cues, and integrates information
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Muscular organ system
individual muscles
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Muscular organ system function
muscles move and strengthen joints, generate heat
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Respiratory organ system
nose, larynx, trachea, lungs
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Respiratory organ system function
the lings exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and air
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Skeletal organ system
each bone with the blood and nerves found in each bone
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Skeletal organ system function
supports the body, protects delicate organs, and produces blood
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Lymphatic organ system
the lymph noes, spleen, thymus, tonsils
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Lymphatic organ system function
to protect the body from foreign particles (bacteria, viruses, fungi)

the immune system
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Integumentary organ system
skin ,hair follicles, nails
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Integumentary organ system function
protects the body against microorganisms, keeps the body from drying out, and produces vitamin D
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Digestive organ system
mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, intestines
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Digestive organ system function
provides nutrients and water to the body and removes waste
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Endocrine organ system
organs that produce hormones

thyriod glands,adrenal glands
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Circulatory organ system
the heart, blood, and blood vessels make up this system, the heat is the pump of the system and the blood vessels are the delivery and return portion of the system
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Circulatory organ system function
transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other material through the body
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Anatomic position
body is upright, facing forward, arms and legs straights, palms facing forward, feet flat on the ground, eyes open
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Quadruped
four legged animals
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Dorsal
the back side of the animal
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Ventral
the belly side of the animal
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Anterior or cephalic
front or head end of the animal
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Posterior or caudal
rear or tail end of the animal
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proximal
refers to region close to the mouth
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Distal
refers to region close to the anus
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Parietal
in reference to the body walls
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Visceral
in reference to area closer to the internal organs
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Ipsilateral
same side of the body
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Contralateral
refers to being on the other side left or right
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Superior
above
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Inferior
below
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Medial
towards the midline
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Lateral
towards the side
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Superficial
towards the surface
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Deep
towards the core
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Anterior
to the front
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Posterior
to the back
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Cranial cavity
houses the brain
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vertebral canal
encloses the spinal cord
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thoracic cavity
superior to the diaphragm housing the lings and the mediastinum
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Mediastinum
which contains the heart the pericardial membranes and the large vessels associated with the heart
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Abdominopelvic cavity
is inferior to the diagram and is subdivided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities
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What are the three sectioning planes
transverse plan

frontal plane

sagittal plane
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Transverse plan
a cut that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior parts

horizontal cut
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Frontal plane
a cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
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Sagittal plane
a cut that divides the body into left and right portions
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Median (Midsagittal) plane
a cut that divides the body or organs equally into left and right portions
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Parasagittal plane
a cut that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Reproductive
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Urinary
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Nervous
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Muscular
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Respiratory
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
skeletal
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Lymphatic
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Integumentary
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Digestive
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Endocrine
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What organ system is this
What organ system is this
Circulatory
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What sectioning plane is this
What sectioning plane is this
Frontal plane
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What sectioning plane is this
What sectioning plane is this
Sagittal plane
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What sectioning plane is this
What sectioning plane is this
Transverse plane