Dev psy

Proximodistal pattern

a pattern of growth which describes development starting at the center of the body moving outward

Cephalocaudal Pattern

describes the rapid growth of the head and then the gradual growth of the rest of the body.

Sucking Reflex

is when newborns automatically suck an object placed in their mouth.

Reflex

is a built-in reaction to stimuli; they govern the newborn’s movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborn’s control and genetically carried survival mechanisms.

affordances

According to the Gibsons’ view, objects have ______, which are opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform activities.

Habituation

is the name given to decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.

Dishabituation

is the recovery of a habituated response after a change in stimulation.

Stranger Anxiety

is a type of fear that tends to appear during the second half of the first year of life.

last two months

Fetuses in the _______ in the womb are capable of hearing.

18 out of the 20 regions

Infants also have _______ of the “pain matrix” found in adults thus resulting in lower pain thresholds among infants.

Phase 1: From birth to 2 months

In _________ of attachment, the infant instinctively directs their attachment to human figures, regardless of familiarity.

Accommodation

is a process which involves adjusting existing schemes to accommodate new information

Underextension

is the tendency to apply a word too narrowly; it occurs when children fail to use a word to name a relevant event or object.

Broca’s Area

is an area of the brain that is primarily involved in speech production.

Child-directed speech

is the term used to describe the special way adults talk to babies using a higher pitch and exaggerated intonation

Aphasia

is the term used to describe a loss or impairment of language ability due to brain damage

Memory

refers to the central feature of cognitive development pertaining to all situations in which an individual retains information over time.

effortful control

According to Rothbart and Bates, ________ is the dimension of temperament that refers to a child’s ability to manage their emotions and arousal.

Sigmund Freud

proposed that infants become attached to the person or object that provides oral satisfaction.

Insecure disorganized

is an attachment style characterized by infants who seem confused and may exhibit excessive fear around the caregiver

Oxytocin

is the mammalian hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain, is released during breastfeeding and by contact and warmth?

developmental cascade model

suggests that connections across domains over time influence development.

Transactional

is a type of socialization that is bidirectional; children socialize parents, just as parents socialize children

Primary emotions

are a type of emotion present in humans and other animals. It appears in the first 6 months of the human infant’s development.

Social Relationships

are factors that influence emotions provides the setting for the development of a rich variety of emotions.

slow-to-warm-up

A child who has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and reacts slowly to new experiences best describes a “_________” child according to Chess and Thomas’ classification.

(1) ability to track another object’s behavior; (2) one individual directs another’s attention; and (3) reciprocal interaction.

The three processes involved in joint attention are the following: