Maths Statistics - Sampling Methods and Large Data set (copy)

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Definitions of sampling and their methids, as given by the aqa board Large Data set key facts listed by TLMaths

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15 Terms

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Simple Random Definition

Every possible sample (of a given size) has an equal chance of being selected

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Simple Random method

Assign number to each member of the population

Use a random number generator to generate n numbers, limiting the numbers it can generate from 1 - n. Skip and repull for any numbers that are pulled twice. Once n numbers have been generated, re assign the numbers back to the associated member of the population

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Stratified Definition

splitting population into groups relevant to research, then random sampling from each group in proportion to the size of the group

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Stratified method

Identify groups to split the population to

Calculate how many of each group shoukd be included, (group/population size * sample size wanted)

Conduct random sample to find sample size wanted in each group

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Opportunity Definition

Selecting sample based on convenience and availability

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Opportunity Adv

  • does not find random sample#

  • may produce good estimate of population parameters

  • cheap

  • convenient

  • may not be generalisable

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Stratified Adv

srs is representative of overall population, but strat equalizes frequency

requires list of entire population

determining which factors are relevanty to research not always obvious

random

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Simple random Adv

requires list of entire population

may be hard to get responses from generated numbers

time consuming and expensive

random and unbiased

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Systematic Definition

Taking participants at regular intervals

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Systematic Method

Give each name a number from 1 - n

calculate how often a number needs to be selected (population/sample size wanted) = x

Randomly select a number between 1 and x and select every x person on the register from the first person selected

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Systematic Adv

avoids unwanted clustering

if there was a fault every x sample, the systematic may end up clustering/fail

practically easier than number generators

random

less random than srs as no longer independent

requires list of entire population

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Quota Defintion

Splitting population into groups relevant to research, then selecting participants from those groups using opportunity sampling

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Quota Adv

cheap

easy

convenient

alternative to strat when list of population not available

ensures samples relevant to factors identified

NOT RANDOM

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Cluster Definition

Splits population into groups bases on convenience (eg location) called clusters, the randomly choosing which group to study further

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Cluster Adv

RANDOM

least random out of random methods

worse than strat, high chance of choosing unrepresentative sample

significantly cheaper than alternatives

does not require list of entire population