HS deck 1

Sex hormones

Sex hormones

Powerful chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that are released into the blood which releases to the body.

testosterone

male hormone secreted by the testes

Androgen

male and female sex hormone

in male makes male sexual characteristics

in women its in adrenal glands. gives woman sexual drive.

Estrogen

Group of "female" sex hormones

• Androgens relate to sexual desire in women, not estrogen.

Endocrine glands

glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream

Pituitary Glands

"Master gland"

• Regulates the other glands, especially gonads (estrogen and testesornes), the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH

• Secreted by the pituitary gland

• Stimulates sperm production

• Inhibin- regulates too much sperm male birth control.

Luteinizing Hormone LH

pituitary gland secretes

females- stimulates ovulation & formation of the corpus luteum

males- stimulates production testosterone.

gonadotropin

Luteinizing hormone (LH), and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Stimulates maturation of ova and sperm.

Estrogen and Progesterone (woman)

• Regulate the changes of puberty

• Responsible for maintaining the mucous membranes of the begins and stopping the growth of bone and muscle in puberity.

• Regulated be LH and FSH, through a process similar to the one in males

o Levels of Estrogen and Progesterone fluctuate according to the woman's cycle, as well as during pregnancy and menopause.

Oxytocin

A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

Prolactin

stimulates milk secretion (production) and its produced in the pituitary gland.

Homologous Organs

body parts similar in structure and origin butdiffer in male & female usestestis/ovaries, penis/clit, scrotum/outer lips, prostate,cowpers /skenes, bartholin glands,

Analogous Organs

Different organs with a similar function.

Testes/ovaries penis/clit, prostrate,cowpers/skenes, bartholin glands

Internal Accessory organs (one of the eight variables of gender)

Prostate and seminal vesicles for males; Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina for females.

External genital appearance (variables of gender)

Penis and scrotum for males; Clitoris, inner and outer lips, and vaginal opening for females.

Pubertal hormonal gender (variables of gender)

At puberty, testosterone in men; progesterone and estrogen in women

AIS Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome male

causes male tissue to become unresponsive to androgen.

causes genetic males to have the external appearance of females.

Progesterone

Female hormone secreted by ovaries

adrenarche

increased rate of secretion of adrenal androgens at the onset of puberty

inhibin

A sex hormone secreted by the ovaries in the female and testes in the male that inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.

Disciplines in sexuality field?

All the above

Role of Sexologists is to assist with

Sexual Behavior

Kama Sutra is

A book about sex, all the above

Cognitive Dissonance is when

Values and behaviors don't match

Cure for hysteria

Vibrater

Anti-miscegenation laws were

Laws against interaction marriage, race

View of homosexuality in 19th century

it was viewed as a mental illness

The Sexual revolution brought changes in

advertising, fashion, General

ALL THE ABOVE

Liberation of female sexuality is attributed to?

Birth control pill, concetreption pill

Planned parenthood first began in a

Birth control clinic in New York

Feminist movement influenced women's sexuality

which advocated in women satisfaction

What did the American psychiatric association do in 1973?

Remove homosexuality as a mental disorde

Whats the Onion Theory

begin taking off layers and share personal information

the benefits of having good communication in relationships it

promotes emotional intimacy(Sex), understanding, love

communication problems for couples

health problems, inability to self disclose, economic stressors

how do most men and women express to engage in sex

nothing, nonverbal it kind of just happens

Couples that communicate w/ each other about sexuality issues are

Happier

communication techniques is critical for maintaining happy relationship

self-disclosure

help sexual relationship with your partner?

Sexual terminology

active listening is comprised of

eye contact, nodding

gottman's ratio of positive and negative interactions does what under stress

when under stress positive reaction decreases and negative reaction increases.

reduces the # -> positive reaction

gain # -> negative reaction

goes down as couples experience distress

self esteem impact relationship

level of acceptance or rejection one expects

characteristics of a good lover

respect them, tell them directly what pleases the other partner sexually

most people look for

physical attraction in some way shape or form

What did evelyn hooker find in her research?

no difference in gay & straight mental health

the first researcher to Americans about their sexual behavior finding that most women thought sexual intercourse was for pleasure & procreation?

Celia Mosher

said women have sexual appetites equal to men and they do not necessarily need men to satisfy their appetites?

Katherine davis

Most influential sex researcher of 20th century?

kinsey

what research did Kinsey do?

interviews

masters and Johnson did what kind of research?

watched people have sex, recorded with machines the reaction

masters & johnson discover

females were capable of multiple orgasms

case study major limitation of it?

cannot be generalize to population

advantage of internet research

people are more truthful cause anonymous

what kinds of people often participate in sex research?

sexuality liberal, experienced

what 2 approaches have the most recent research in US taken?

problem driven, underfundent

Female sex organ like the penis

clitoris

what's hermaphroditism

rarest disorder of sex development where a child is born with ovaries & testies

socialization

basic skills

gender role

specific behavior largely determined by culture

what's social learning

we learn gender roles from society/environment

androgynous

both, high in feminity and masculinity

males have more (3 things)

a less flexible role than women, adolences, sexuality strong and stable

gender dysphoria

transgender person feeling discomfort about biological sex & gender in variety

Gender Queer/transgender

transgender identify or express their gender in variety of ways inconsistently w/ their biological sex

gender queer umbrella term to refer to range of different sexual orientations gender behaviors or ideologies

what happens when a transsexual person stops taking hormones after being on them for awhile

changes will either be reversible or permanent

homosexual play, is common or uncommon in childhood

universal

what gender gets more attention in elementary school

boys get more praises & criticisms

measuring sex methods

self-reports, behavioral measures, implicit measures, measures

self-reports

the most common method of measuring sexuality, participants are asked questions about their sexual behavior.

direct observations

Behavioral measure, scientist directly observe the behavior being studied.[think hands on

eye tracking

A behavioral measure in which a device measures the participants point of gaze over time.

convenience sample

a sample chose in haphazard manner relative the population of interest. not a random probability sample.

purposeful distortion

Purposely giving false information in a survey. participants exaggerate or conceal information.

Memory

survey requires respondents to recall sexual behavior as far back as childhood. to difficult to remember accurately.

difficulties with estimates

it is difficult to estimate time , and it is even more difficult to do when engaged in an absorbing activity.

test-retest reliability

A method for determining the reliability of a test by comparing a test taker's scores on the same test taken on separate occasions

computer assisted self interview (CASI)

interviewer intercepts and directs willing respondents to computers where they read questions and key responses themselves

extraneous factors

factors besides the independent variable that may cause change in the dependent variable. [such as age, race, gender]

ethical issue

three basic principles: informed consent, protection from harm, and justice

informed consent

An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.

protection from harm

sex questions can be stressful & might harm peoplein some way. the principle of anonymity of response is important to ensure participants will not suffer after research.