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Psychology

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277 Terms

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Sex hormones
Powerful chemical substances produced by endocrine glands that are released into the blood which releases to the body.
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testosterone
male hormone secreted by the testes
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Androgen
male and female sex hormone
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in male makes male sexual characteristics

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in women its in adrenal glands. gives woman sexual drive.

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Estrogen
Group of "female" sex hormones
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• Androgens relate to sexual desire in women, not estrogen.

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Endocrine glands
glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream
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Pituitary Glands
"Master gland"
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• Regulates the other glands, especially gonads (estrogen and testesornes), the endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

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Follicle Stimulating Hormone FSH
• Secreted by the pituitary gland
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• Stimulates sperm production

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• Inhibin- regulates too much sperm male birth control.

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Luteinizing Hormone LH
pituitary gland secretes
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females- stimulates ovulation & formation of the corpus luteum

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males- stimulates production testosterone.

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gonadotropin
Luteinizing hormone (LH), and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Stimulates maturation of ova and sperm.
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Estrogen and Progesterone (woman)
• Regulate the changes of puberty
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• Responsible for maintaining the mucous membranes of the begins and stopping the growth of bone and muscle in puberity.

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• Regulated be LH and FSH, through a process similar to the one in males

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o Levels of Estrogen and Progesterone fluctuate according to the woman's cycle, as well as during pregnancy and menopause.

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Oxytocin
A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
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Prolactin
stimulates milk secretion (production) and its produced in the pituitary gland.
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Homologous Organs
body parts similar in structure and origin butdiffer in male & female usestestis/ovaries, penis/clit, scrotum/outer lips, prostate,cowpers /skenes, bartholin glands,
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Analogous Organs
Different organs with a similar function.
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Testes/ovaries penis/clit, prostrate,cowpers/skenes, bartholin glands

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Internal Accessory organs (one of the eight variables of gender)
Prostate and seminal vesicles for males; Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina for females.
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External genital appearance (variables of gender)
Penis and scrotum for males; Clitoris, inner and outer lips, and vaginal opening for females.
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Pubertal hormonal gender (variables of gender)
At puberty, testosterone in men; progesterone and estrogen in women
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AIS Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome male
causes male tissue to become unresponsive to androgen.
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causes genetic males to have the external appearance of females.

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Progesterone
Female hormone secreted by ovaries
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adrenarche
increased rate of secretion of adrenal androgens at the onset of puberty
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inhibin
A sex hormone secreted by the ovaries in the female and testes in the male that inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
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Disciplines in sexuality field?
All the above
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Role of Sexologists is to assist with
Sexual Behavior
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Kama Sutra is
A book about sex, all the above
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Cognitive Dissonance is when
Values and behaviors don't match
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Cure for hysteria
Vibrater
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Anti-miscegenation laws were
Laws against interaction marriage, race
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View of homosexuality in 19th century
it was viewed as a mental illness
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The Sexual revolution brought changes in
advertising, fashion, General
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ALL THE ABOVE

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Liberation of female sexuality is attributed to?
Birth control pill, concetreption pill
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Planned parenthood first began in a
Birth control clinic in New York
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Feminist movement influenced women's sexuality
which advocated in women satisfaction
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What did the American psychiatric association do in 1973?
Remove homosexuality as a mental disorde
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Whats the Onion Theory
begin taking off layers and share personal information
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the benefits of having good communication in relationships it
promotes emotional intimacy(Sex), understanding, love
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communication problems for couples
health problems, inability to self disclose, economic stressors
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how do most men and women express to engage in sex
nothing, nonverbal it kind of just happens
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Couples that communicate w/ each other about sexuality issues are
Happier
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communication techniques is critical for maintaining happy relationship
self-disclosure
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help sexual relationship with your partner?
Sexual terminology
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active listening is comprised of
eye contact, nodding
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gottman's ratio of positive and negative interactions does what under stress
when under stress positive reaction decreases and negative reaction increases.
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reduces the \# -\> positive reaction

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gain \# -\> negative reaction

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goes down as couples experience distress

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self esteem impact relationship
level of acceptance or rejection one expects
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characteristics of a good lover
respect them, tell them directly what pleases the other partner sexually
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most people look for
physical attraction in some way shape or form
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What did evelyn hooker find in her research?
no difference in gay & straight mental health
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the first researcher to Americans about their sexual behavior finding that most women thought sexual intercourse was for pleasure & procreation?
Celia Mosher
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said women have sexual appetites equal to men and they do not necessarily need men to satisfy their appetites?
Katherine davis
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Most influential sex researcher of 20th century?
kinsey
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what research did Kinsey do?
interviews
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masters and Johnson did what kind of research?
watched people have sex, recorded with machines the reaction
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masters & johnson discover
females were capable of multiple orgasms
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case study major limitation of it?
cannot be generalize to population
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advantage of internet research
people are more truthful cause anonymous
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what kinds of people often participate in sex research?
sexuality liberal, experienced
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what 2 approaches have the most recent research in US taken?
problem driven, underfundent
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Female sex organ like the penis
clitoris
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what's hermaphroditism
rarest disorder of sex development where a child is born with ovaries & testies
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socialization
basic skills
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gender role
specific behavior largely determined by culture
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what's social learning
we learn gender roles from society/environment
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androgynous
both, high in feminity and masculinity
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males have more (3 things)
a less flexible role than women, adolences, sexuality strong and stable
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gender dysphoria
transgender person feeling discomfort about biological sex & gender in variety
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Gender Queer/transgender
transgender identify or express their gender in variety of ways inconsistently w/ their biological sex
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gender queer umbrella term to refer to range of different sexual orientations gender behaviors or ideologies

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what happens when a transsexual person stops taking hormones after being on them for awhile
changes will either be reversible or permanent
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homosexual play, is common or uncommon in childhood
universal
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what gender gets more attention in elementary school
boys get more praises & criticisms
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measuring sex methods
self-reports, behavioral measures, implicit measures, measures
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self-reports
the most common method of measuring sexuality, participants are asked questions about their sexual behavior.
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direct observations
Behavioral measure, scientist directly observe the behavior being studied.[think hands on
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eye tracking
A behavioral measure in which a device measures the participants point of gaze over time.
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convenience sample
a sample chose in haphazard manner relative the population of interest. not a random probability sample.
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purposeful distortion
Purposely giving false information in a survey. participants exaggerate or conceal information.
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Memory
survey requires respondents to recall sexual behavior as far back as childhood. to difficult to remember accurately.
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difficulties with estimates
it is difficult to estimate time , and it is even more difficult to do when engaged in an absorbing activity.
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test-retest reliability
A method for determining the reliability of a test by comparing a test taker's scores on the same test taken on separate occasions
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computer assisted self interview (CASI)
interviewer intercepts and directs willing respondents to computers where they read questions and key responses themselves
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extraneous factors
factors besides the independent variable that may cause change in the dependent variable. [such as age, race, gender]
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ethical issue
three basic principles: informed consent, protection from harm, and justice
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informed consent
An ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.
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protection from harm
sex questions can be stressful & might harm peoplein some way. the principle of anonymity of response is important to ensure participants will not suffer after research.