Civil Rights Study Guide

Flashcards covering key topics from a Civil Rights study guide, including landmark cases, key figures, and major events.

Plessy v. Ferguson

The doctrine of 'separate but equal' facilities in public education.

De facto segregation

Segregation that exists by practice and custom, often in areas without laws requiring segregation.

De jure segregation

Segregation enforced by law.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation that outlawed discriminatory voting practices, such as literacy tests.

Malcolm X

Advocated for Black nationalism and self-defense in the pursuit of civil rights.

Martin Luther King Jr.

Focused on nonviolent resistance and integration.

Watts Riots

A large-scale riot in Los Angeles sparked by racial tensions and police brutality.

Southern Resistance

Southern officials resisted the Brown v. Board of Education ruling and demonstrated resistance to desegregation.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Refusal to use the bus system in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest racial segregation.

Freedom Riders

Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated South to challenge non-enforcement of desegregation laws.

Birmingham, Alabama

Events that highlight the brutal treatment of civil rights protesters that gained widespread attention.

Pupil assignment laws

Laws designed to assign students to particular schools, which were often used to maintain segregation.

Thirteenth Amendment

A constitutional amendment that abolished slavery.

Black Muslims

An influential religious and political movement that advocated for Black empowerment and separation.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, permitting segregation.

Little Rock, Arkansas

The governor of Arkansas resisted the integration of Central High School by the Little Rock Nine.

Black Power movement

Emphasized Black pride, self-determination, and sometimes separation, challenging traditional integration and nonviolence.

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Focused primarily on voting rights and aimed to prevent voter suppression.

Fourteenth Amendment

Ensures equal protection under the law, preventing states from creating discriminatory laws.