Ch 2 merrils powerpoint upload

Vocabulary flashcards covering general anatomy, body planes, cavities, habitus, osteology, arthrology, body markings, anatomic terms, and radiographic positioning terminology based on Chapter 2.

Anatomy

The science of the structure of the body.

Physiology

The study of the function of the body organs.

Osteology

The detailed study of the body of knowledge relating to the bones of the body.

Midsagittal Plane (MSP)

A specific sagittal plane that passes through the midline and divides the body into equal right and left halves.

Midcoronal Plane (MCP)

A specific plane that passes through the midline and divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves; also called the midaxillary plane.

Horizontal Plane

A plane that passes crosswise through the body or body part at right angles to the longitudinal axis, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.

Oblique Plane

A plane that passes through a body part at any angle between the sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes.

Interiliac Plane

A special body plane that transects the body at the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests (level of L4).

Occlusal Plane

A special body plane formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws closed.

Body Habitus

The common variations in the shape of the human body.

Axial Skeleton

The skeletal division comprising 80 bones that supports and protects the head and trunk.

Appendicular Skeleton

The skeletal division comprising 126 bones that provides a means for movement.

Compact Bone

The strong, dense outer layer of bone.

Spongy Bone

The inner, less dense layer of bone containing a spiculated network called trabeculae.

Trabeculae

A spiculated network within spongy bone filled with red and yellow marrow.

Medullary Cavity

The central cavity of long bones containing trabeculae filled with yellow marrow.

Periosteum

Tough, fibrous connective tissue that covers bone, except at articular ends.

Endosteum

The membrane that lines the marrow cavity of a bone.

Ossification

The development and formation of bones.

Epiphyses

The ends of long bones where secondary ossification occurs.

Diploë

The middle layer of cancellous bone in flat bones.

Sesamoid Bones

Very small, oval bones that develop inside and beside tendons, such as the patella.

Arthrology

The study of joints, or articulations, between bones.

Synarthroses

A functional classification of joints that are immovable.

Amphiarthroses

A functional classification of joints that are slightly movable.

Diarthroses

A functional classification of joints that are freely movable.

Syndesmosis

A fibrous joint that is immovable or very slightly movable and united by fibrous sheets.

Suture

An immovable fibrous joint found only in the skull.

Gomphosis

An immovable fibrous joint found only in the roots of teeth.

Symphysis

A slightly movable cartilaginous joint separated by a pad of fibrocartilage.

Synchondrosis

An immovable cartilaginous joint united by rigid cartilage.

Gliding Joint

The simplest type of synovial joint, as seen in intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Hinge Joint

A synovial joint that permits flexion and extension only.

Pivot Joint

A synovial joint that allows rotation around a single axis.

Ellipsoid Joint

A synovial joint allowing flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

Saddle Joint

A synovial joint with articular surfaces shaped to allow movement similar to an ellipsoid joint.

Ball-and-Socket Joint

A synovial joint that permits the widest range of motion.

Condyle

A rounded process at an articular end of a bone.

Coracoid (or Coronoid)

A beaklike or crownlike process on a bone.

Epicondyle

A projection situated above a condyle.

Facet

A small, smooth-surfaced articular process.

Foramen

A hole in a bone for the transmission of blood vessels and nerves.

Fossa

A pit, fovea, or hollow space in a bone.

Cephalad

Anatomic relationship term meaning parts toward the head.

Caudad

Anatomic relationship term meaning parts away from the head of the body.

Parietal

The wall or lining of a body cavity.

Visceral

The covering of an organ.

Ipsilateral

Parts located on the same side of the body.

Contralateral

Parts located on the opposite side of the body.

Palmar

Refers to the palm of the hand.

Plantar

Refers to the sole of the foot.

Dorsum

Refers to the anterior (top) of the foot or the back of the hand.

Radiographic Projection

The path of the central ray (CR) as it exits the x-ray tube, passing through the patient to the image receptor (IR).

Radiographic Position

The overall posture of the patient or specific placement of the body or part in relation to the table or IR.

Radiographic View

Describes the body part as seen by the IR; the exact opposite of projection.

Radiographic Method

Refers to a specific radiographic projection developed by an individual.

Axial Projection

A projection with a longitudinal angle of the central ray (CR) of 10 degrees or more.

Tangential Projection

A projection where the central ray (CR) is directed along the outer margin of a curved body surface.

Trendelenburg Position

A general body position where the patient is supine with the head lower than the feet.

Fowler Position

A general body position where the patient is supine with the head elevated.

Sims Position

A recumbent position where the patient lies on the left anterior side with the left leg extended and the right knee and thigh partially flexed.

Lithotomy Position

A position where the patient is supine with knees and hips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally.

Decubitus Position

A recumbent body position performed with a horizontal central ray (CR).

Lordotic Position

An upright body position in which the patient is leaning backward.

Abduction

Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body.

Adduction

Movement of a part toward the central axis of the body.

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is facing down.

Supination

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is facing up.

Circumduction

The circular movement of a limb.