A+P week 2 and 3

Types of tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

types of epithelial tissue

simple - one layer of cells which facilitate absorption and filtration (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, psuedostratified) and stratified - many layers which allow it to protect underlying tissues from abrasion (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional)

types of connective tissue

composed of cells in an extracellular matrix of amorphous ground substance, and collagen, elastic or reticular fibers. proper (loose: areolar, adipose, reticular, and dense: regular and irregular), bone, cartialage (hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage), blood

types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

most to least flexible cartialage

Most - elastic, hyaline, and fibro - least

skeletal muscle tissue

striated and responds to voluntary commands from the nervous system

smooth muscle tissue

non striated and contracts involuntarily in peristaltic waves that move substances through the body’s digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts

cardiac muscle tissue

special type of striated muscle found ONLY in the myocardium of the heart, has branching fibers that allows for involuntary contraction to maintain constant heart rate

types of nervous tissue

neurons

types of simple epithelial tissue

simple squamos, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, and pseudostratified columnar.

types of stratified epithelial tissue

stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, and transitional epithelium.

types of proper connective tissue

loose - characterized by loosely arranged fibers and abundant ground substances (areolar, adipose, and reticular tissue) and dense - characterized by rightly arranged fibers (regular {parallel fibers} and irregular {not parallel fibers})

bone connective tissue

made of osteocytes. is the hardest connective tissue, is vascular, made of collagen fibers and calcium salts.

types of cartilage connective tissue

made of chondrocytes and similar to bone tissue. It is flexible and avascular. the types are hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

functions and parts of the skeletal system

axial and appendicular skeletal system. support, movement, protection, and production of red blood cells. Flat bones (cranial bones), long bones (tibia, fibula), ahort bones (carpals and tarsals), irregular bones (pelvic bones), and sesamoid bones (patella).

bone tissue types

yellow marrow (fatty bone marrow in medullary cavity of long bones) and red marrow (found in spongy bone and produces RBC’s)

types of bone cells

osteoblasts (synthesize bone matrix), osteoclasts (large cells that secrete enzymes to break down bone matrix) and osteocytes (bone cells that maintain bone tissue stucture)).

zones of growth plate histology

zone of reserve cartilage, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification, and zone of bone deposition

extracellular matrix

ground substances, collagen, elastic, reticular fibers.

blood and lymph

atypical connective tissues that have a fluid matrix with no fibers. blood - for transport, made of plasma and lacks fibers.

anatomy of a long bone

proximal epiphysis, diaphysis, distal epiphysis. articular cartilage, medullary cavity, yellow bone marrow, nerve and blood vessels, spongy bone with red bone marrow, compact bone, endosteum, periosteum, epihyseal growth plate,

bone histology

trabeculae: spongy bone, osteon - compact bone. red bone marrow is produced in the spongy bone and yellow is in the medullary cavity.