Irreversible Cell injury

what are the two main types of irreversible cell injuries

• necrosis

• autolysis

After finding a dog in the grass the veterinarian says that it had begun decomposing before it had died this would lead you to believe it had what type irreversible cell injury

necrosis

A cat is brought in and the veterinarian says that it had begun decomposing after it had died this would lead you to believe it had what type of irreversible cell injury

autolysis

which type of irreversible cell injury induces a tissue reaction

necrosis

The focal point of auto lysis is that it occurs ________ mortem and is in part caused via __________

• post

• gut microbes

Where is autolysis most extensive in the body post mortem

• abdominal viscera

• lesions with bacterial infections

• overheated carcasses

What factors would increase the rate of autolysis

• large

• obese

• wool

• herbivore

• high temp

• longer time

A dead pig presented to you for pathology and you notice that the side of the pig in contact with the ground has grown blue this causes you to think that it has what?

livor mortis

Occurs between 1-6 hours post mortem and is known as ___________?

rigor mortis

the process of a corpse drying out and occurs _________ in the autolysis in homeotherms and is called _______

• late

• desiccation

one of the gross morphological features of autolysis causes production of gas and visible bubbles to form in tissue known as __________

crepitus

After dissecting a deceased patient you notice red staining around an artery leading you to believe that this patient shows what sign of autolysis

hemoglobin imbibition

After dissecting a deceased patient you notice blue green black discoloration leading you to believe that this patient shows what sign of autolysis

pseudomelanosis

After receiving a liver for pathology you notice green yellow brown staining which leads you to believe that the patient has undergone ________ due to the presence of ___________

• autolysis

• bile imbibition

what are microscopic features of autolysis

• loss of architectural features

• separation of blood

• saprophytic bacteria

If undergoing autolysis post mortem blood clots may occur what types would be present

• Chicken fat clots

• currant jelly clots

Which post mortem blood clot consists of serum

chicken fat clots

How would you be able to tell that post mortem bacteria falls in line with autolysis diagnosis

they would be gram positive anerobic rods

other than necrosis what is another type of ante mortem cell injury

apoptosis

what are the consistent characteristics that lead to necrosis

• inability to restore mitochondrial function

• severe cell membrane damage

after initial cell injury what occurs that causes the cell to follow the irreversible injury pathway

influx of calcium activates degradative enzymes

after calcium activates the degradative enzymes more damage can lead to what two things

• apoptosis

• necrosis

In what ways to free radicals affect necrosis and apoptosis

• can cause contributory damage after cell injury

• aid in further membrane breakdown and damage

what are typical gross characteristics of necrosis

• well demarcated

• irregular contours

• pale

• cavitation(creation of cavity)

what are early stage microscopic features of necrosis

• cell swelling

• loss of internal cell detail

• chromatin changes in nucleus

what are late stage microscopic features of necrosis

• hypereosinophilia

• fragmentation

• inflammation

when given a slide of tissue you should notice what if the body has already undergone necrosis

lesion gradient

when looking at a slide of an animal that underwent necrosis you notice the loss of nuclear detail which is also called what?

karyolysis

when looking at a slide of an animal that underwent necrosis you notice the shrinkage of the nucleus detail which is also called what?

pyknosis

when looking at a slide of an animal that underwent necrosis you notice the fragmentation of the nucleus which is also called what?

karyorrhexis