Medieval CNP fact recall

how many people lived in the country side in 1000 (percentagae)

90%

what was the duty of the king in AS period

keep the kings peace

What towns grew the most- give AS names

Lundenwc (London, Eforwic (York), Hamwic (South Hampton)

why was the crime rates in towns bigger than villages AS

there was more people so less people knew eachother - therefore it was easier to get away with crime

AS law enforcement focused on…

community responsibility

Tithing

group of 10 men aged over 12 were responsible for eachothers behavior. If one commited a crime, the others had to bring him to court or face punishment themselves

Hue and Cry

if a crime was commited the whole village had to chase the criminal when an alarm was raised- if they didnt then the whole village was fined

Local Courts AS

Serious crimes dealt in shire courts, minor crimes in hundred courts. Trials based on local reputation and community members acting as judges.

Trial by Ordeal AS

God would show guilt or innocence if the verdict couldnt be reached- religious test

Hot Iron- Women- holding hot iron bar and if wounded well then the person was innocent ( after 3 days)

Hot water- men- boiling water poured on arm and if wound healed after 3 days then innocent

Cold water- tied up and thrown into water if floated then they were guilty because they were “rejected by the water”

Wergild + worth of someone

blood money- pay compensation to victims family, value depended on person ( eg killing a noble cost more than killing a peasant)

outlaw AS

Criminals who refused to attend court were declared as outlaws and lost legal protection- this meant that they could be killed and the perpetrator would have no punishments

Oath taking AS

Swear an oath of innocence/guilt, criminal could swear innocence under oath in public and call oath helpers to also swear the perpetrators oath of innocence - repeat offenders were not given the option of oath taking

crimes against person ( 2 examples of crime and punishment)AS

murder-wergild

assault- maiming

public disorder- stocks or pillory

Crimes against property (2 examples of crimes and punishments) AS

Theft- maiming

Counterfeiting Coins - hand chopped off

Arson- hanging

AS Crimes against authority 1 punishment which is..

hanging - NOT HANGED DRAWN AND QYARTERED NOT YET INTRODUCED IN AS ERA

Norman Conquest Date

1066

Harrying of the North consenquences and date

1069- Northumbrian resistance to Norman Rule

William destroyed villages, killed 100,000 livestock and burned crops, approx 100,000 people died due to starvation and norman violence

-Anglo saxon landowners replaced by Norman Barons

Forest Laws Date

1072

what did King William Call the forests in england

royal forests

effect of forest laws

reinforced williams control and signified the kings dominance over law and order

Trial by combat date

1072

What was the effect of trial by combat

enforced warrior norman culture and supported feudal control which favoured knights and nobles trained in combat

Murdrum fine what was it

if a norman was murdered and the killer was not caught the entire local community would have to pay a heavy fine to the king

effect of the murdrum fine

benefit to the king- kings authority rather than wergild where victim family was paid

increased norman authority

what were forestars

men hired y the king to enforce the forest laws and catch poachers

outlaw gang example

folville gang with 50 outlaws who carried out serious crimes like rape theft and murder

Assize of Clarendon date

1166

what did the assize of clarendon consist of

Henry II reorganised court sand set up prisons as holding cells for those awaiting trials

ordered royal judges aka justices of the eyre to visit each county twice a year to oversee the most serious cases- royal involvement in law enforcement so stronger centralised control

Date of Black death

1348

Why was the statue of labourers introduced

becuse there were fewer workers available consenquently to rhe black death,peasents could demand higher wages for work which made the ruling classes worried that the peasents would become more wealthy and powerful

When was the statue of labourers introduced

1351

what did the statue of labourers enforce

it set a maximum wage and made ita crime to ask for more and made it illegal to move to a new area to look for better paid work

how was the statue of labourers a form of continuity

rhe norman forest laws was introduced to proect the interests of the ruling class by disadvantaging the peasents

how was the statue of labourers a change

it marked the growth of the control of the parliament as it was passed by parliament and not by the king (which it wouldve been passed by in the norman time)

Heresy burning at the stake date

1401

why was burning at the stake used for heresy

it intended o symbolise purifying corrupt souls and acted as a detterent to others

what was the 2nd heresy law and date

1414 JPS can arrest suspected heretics

who introduced coroners and when

1194 king richard I

when were knights appointed to keep the kings peace

1195 by richard I

what were Jps

men who judged to be good and lawful were appointed to meet 4 times a year to carry out their magistrate duties and enforce the law

high treason act date and who

1351 King Edward III

what was introduced in the high treason act

being convicted of plotting against the king would result in you being hanged drawn and quartered- semistrange, abdoment cut open, intestines drawn out and then his limbs would be transported to difff parts of the country to be displayed

how did the churchs architecture hsow the churchs power

they dominated the landscape and reminded people of gods power on eartth

how much of the countrys wealth did the church own

one fifth of the countrys wealth and collected one tenth of all earnings in church taxes

end of trial by ordeal

1215 by the pope

what was trial by jury

an alternative of trial by ordeal where there was a group of 12 men who observed a trial and decided whether the accused was guilty or innnocenet

what was benefit of clergy

anyone who claimed to be a member of the clergy and read the neck verse, pslam 51 could go to a church court instead where punishments were lenient as they did not tend to offer the death penalty and usually just enforced piligrimage or an apology at mass as punishments

what was sanctuary + what would happen if the limit was not met

the person accused of a crime could run to a church and report it to a clergyman who would report the crime but give the accused gthe benefit of swearing an oath to leave the country within 40 days and if this limit was not met they would have been outlawed

when did sanctuary end

1536