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Barriers to act
-Fear of doing something wrong -Being unsure of the person's condition -Assuming someone else will take action -Fear of disease -Not knowing their illness -Fear of being sued
You must continue giving care until:
You are too exhausted, victim wakes up and asks you to stop, scene becomes unsafe, someone with higher training takes over
What is the very first thing you do before you give care
Check that the scene is safe
3 C's
Check, call, care
When do you call 911?
No heartbeat, no breathing, significant blood loss, fire, stroke
When would you call before giving care?
If the situation is a cardiac emergency
When would you give care first?
If the situation is a respiratory emergency
Abandonment
Ending the care of an injured or ill person without obtaining that person's consent or without ensuring that someone with equal or greater training will continue care
How do you prevent disease transmission?
Wear proper personal protective equipment (gloves, gown, mask, etc)
What is the ratio of compressions to breaths in one person CPR?
30:2
What is the ratio of compressions to breaths in two person CPR on ADULTS?
30:2
What is the ratio of compressions to breaths in two person CPR on CHILDREN/INFANTS?
15:2
What are the types of consent?
Expressed, implied
Expressed consent
Verbal, gestures, parent giving consent for child
Implied consent
A person unable to give consent because they are unconscious/ill, consent is implied. If no parent is around for child, consent is implied.
Life-threatening conditions
Unconscious, not breathing, no pulse, severe bleeding
Agonal breathing
When someone is not breathing regularly
shallow and irregular
How do you treat victims with agonal breathing?
Treat as if there is no breathing at all
How do you do a primary assessment on children/infants?
Look, listen, feel and give two rescue breaths FIRST before checking for blood
Respiratory distress
Troubled breathing
Respiratory arrest
No breathing
How to check adult/child consciousness?
Tap shoulder and shout
How to check infant consciousness?
Tap foot and shout
When is rescue breathing done?
When the victim has a pulse but is not breathing
How is rescue breathing done on an adult?
One breath every 5 seconds
How is rescue breathing done on a child/infant?
One breath every 3 seconds
How long do you give rescue breaths for?
Two minutes, then stop and re-assess
How are bag-valve masks (BVMs) operated?
MUST be done with two people, one seals the mask over the airways and the other squeezes the bag.
What is the age of an infant, and how deep do you give compressions?
0-12 months, 1.5 in compressions
What is the age of a child, and how deep do you give compressions?
1-12 years, about 2 in compressions
What is the age of an adult, and how deep do you give compressions?
12 or older, at least 2 in compressions.
When and how do you perform modified CPR?
On an unconscious choking victim, give 30 chest compressions, check/finger swipe mouth, give two rescue breaths, repeat
What are the links in the cardiac chain of survival?
Early recognition and early access to EMS system
Early CPR
Early defibrillation
Early advanced medical care
How many beats per minute should your compressions be?
100
If you are the 2nd rescuer on the scene, what questions do you ask the person giving care?
Has 911 been called, do you have an AED/is someone getting one?
What heart rhythms can an AED recognize/shock?
Ventricular fibrillation (v-fib), ventricular tachycardia (v-tach)
How does an AED work/
Stops the heart in hopes that the AV node will take over
What should always be used in combination with CPR?
An AED
How do you treat a drowning victim?
Give two rescue breaths first
What is the max amount of time you should spend checking for breathing/pulse?
10 seconds
If you suspect a respiratory emergency, what do you do first?
Give two rescue breaths
If you give two rescue breaths and the chest doesn't rise, what should you do?
Re-open the airway and give two more rescue breaths
If you give two rescue breaths two times and the chest still does not rise, what should you do?
Perform modified CPR
What do you have to do before giving care to a child?
Get consent from parent
Where do you check for pulse in an infant?
Arm
Where do you check for pulse in an adult/child?
Neck, wrist
If a person is conscious and appears to have a partially obstructed airway, what should you do?
Encourage coughing
If a person (adult or child) is conscious and appears to have a fully obstructed airway, what should you do?
Give 5 back blows, then 5 abdominal thrusts
If an infant is conscious and appears to have a fully obstructed airway, what should you do?
Give 5 back blows, then 5 chest compressions
What should you keep in mind when caring for an infant with an obstructed airway?
Support head/neck, keep head below chest
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