Midterm 2 bacteria

prochlorococcus marinus

abundant in deep oceans and near surface, have divinyl derifitives of chlorophyll a and b and can harvest light at depth

cyanobacteria

cyanobacteria

proteobacteria

purple bacteria

chlorobi/chloroflexi

green bacteria

firmicutes

heliobacteria

methylomirabilis oxifera

CH4 oxidized anaerobically with O from NO2/NO

methanotrophs

oxidize methane to methanol (CH3OH) and release or use as carbon source

methylotrophs

uses methanol (CH3OH) for energy

anaerobic methanotrophs archaea (ANME) [H2] low

Methane oxidation is exergonic and methane is consumed to make H2 and CO2

anaerobic methanotrophs archaea (ANME) [H2] high

methanogensis is turned on using H2 and CO2

Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Purple non sulfur bacteria, membrane infoldings increase surface area

chromatiales or Gammaproteobacteria

Sulfur bacteria taxonomy

ectothiorhodospiraceae

purple sulfur bacteria with S0 deposited outside of the cells

alphaproteobacteria and betaproteobacteria

non sulfur bacteria, diverse

purple non sulfur bacteria examples

rhodospirillium, rhodobacter, rhododcyclus

chlorobiota/chlorbium

green sulfur bacteria

chloroflexi

green non sulfur bacteria (many thermophiles)

heliobacteria

anoxygenic photoheterotrophs, anaerobic N2 fixers

eukarchaeotes

halobacterium, no CO2 fixation but aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophs, bacteriorhodpsin (anaerobic only)

acidithiobacillus sp.

chemolithioautotrophs, E and e from inorganic oxidation

A. Thiooxidans

converts FeS2 and oxygen to Fe and SO4

A. Ferrooxidans

converts ferrous iron and oxygen to ferric iron which reacts with OH to make toxic waste

Thermoacidophiles (crenarcaheota)

low pH, sulfur dependent extreme thermophiles

Sulfolobus sp.

thermoacidophiles can reduce or oxidize sulfur depending on the conditions (aerobically use S compounds for E and electron source)

desulfovibrio, pyrococcus, sulfolobus

Thermoacidophiles that when in aerobic environment can use S0 as TEA to oxidize organics

Extreme halophiles (Eurarchaeota)

halobacterium, brines and salty areas only aerobically grow (survive anaerobically with purple membrane)

methanogens (eurarchaeota)

strict anaerobes, methanobacterium, membrane bound carriers transfer e to CO2 to make methane, can use acetate and H2 as electon donors

Thaumarchaeota

soil archaea that are nitrifiers, also deep sea nitrifers

asguard archaea

closest archaea to the archaea symbiont that made eukaryotes, have weird cell extensions that can trap other cells

nanoarchaeota

very small archaea that are symbionts to other archaea, make H2S from S0 and H2, led to the discovery of new primers

nanoarchaeum equitans

symbiont to crenarchaeota

Cyanobacteria

Chlorophyll a (shortest wavelength), PSI and II, use H2O H2S or organics as electron donor