SLP ANAPHYS - UNIT 0

Review of Anatomy and Physiology

1. Foundational Concepts (cells)

2. Skeletal System (bones)

3. Muscular System (muscles)

4. Nervous System (brain and nerves)

5. Respiratory System (lungs and associated structures)

6. Digestive System (digestive organs)

7. Special Senses (organs for sight, smell, hearing, taste)

8. Embryology (prenatal development)

human anatomy concepts include:

Pregnancy

a sequence of events that begins with FERTILIZATION → IMPLANTATION → EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT → FETAL DEVELOPMENT

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: pregnancy ideally ends 38 weeks later

1. Fertilization

2. Implantation

3. Embryonic Development

4. Fetal Development

sequence of pregnancy:

Fertilization

where the egg and sperm cell meet

Implantation

egg cell implants at the uterine wall

Embryonic Development

where the egg cell turns into an embryo

Fetal Development

where the embryo develops into a fetus

Development Biology

the study of the sequence of events from fertilization to the formation of an adult organism until death

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: the embryonic period occurs from fertilization until the 8th week of development

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: the fetal period occurs from the 9th week of development until birth

Fetus

the developing human inside the womb

Prenatal Development

the entire development from fertilization until birth; this includes both the embryonic and fetal period

Trimesters

prenatal development is divided into three periods of calendar months called:

First Trimester

this trimester serves as the “building blocks” and is the most critical stage of development; this is where all major organ systems form and where the fetus is most vulnerable to teratogens

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: if any problems occur to the fetus during the first trimester, it will develop and cascade to the following trimesters and eventually until birth

Second Trimester

this is the trimester where the fetus “looks like me”, and where organ systems are nearly completely developed; it is where distinctively human features form and where the gender of the fetus is most likely discovered

Third Trimester

this is where the fetus is “getting big”, and where fetal growth is rapid until it fully grows; most organ systems fully function at this stage, and the fetus has more mass (both weight and length)

1. Preterm: <37 weeks

2. Term: 37 to 23 weeks

3. Post-term: >42 weeks

normal gestation ages (baseline) of development:

1. Early Term: 37 to 38 weeks

2. Full Term: 39 to 40 weeks

3. Late Term: 41 weeks

term development is further subdivided into:

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: when the baby is born preterm, there is a higher risk of immature organs, especially the lungs and brain; when the baby is born post-term, there is a risk of complications due to aging placenta and decreased amniotic fluid

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: the placenta and amniotic fluid nourish and supply the fetus as it develops in the womb

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: during the first trimester, fertilization happens at around 1-2 weeks, followed by gastrulation during the third week

Gastrulation

this is the formation of germ layers

1. Ectoderm: forms the “outside” (nervous system and brain, sensory receptors, and epidermis [integumentary system])

2. Mesoderm: forms the “middle” (circulatory, musculoskeletal, excretory, and reproductive systems)

3. Endoderm: forms the “inside” (digestive, and respiratory systems; epithelial linings)

the three different germ layers are:

Week 4

at ___, neurulation begins

Weeks 5 to 6

at ___, rapid brain development, eyes and ears formation, heart chambers development, lungs branching, bone ossification, brain vesicle and sensory organ development occurs

Week 9 to 12

at ___, the fetal stage occurs; the external genitalia begins to differentia

Weeks 13 to 16

at ___, lanugo hair grows, facial muscles develop, and bone ossification continues

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: at weeks 5 to 6, this is when ears begin to form

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: if the child is born with kidney issues, the child’s hearing is most likely impaired because the ears and kidneys develop simultaneously

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE: at weeks 4 to 12, the facial features are formed, eventually, where the primary and secondary palate fuse

Primary Palate

the ___ forms at around 5 to 6 weeks, and fuses at 6 to 7 weeks

Upper Lip

the ___ forms at around 4 to 7 weeks

7 weeks

the primary palate and upper lip fuse at around ___

Secondary Palate

the ___ forms at around 6 to 9 weeks, and fully fuses at around 9 to 12 weeks

Soft Palate and Uvula

the ___ form at around 10 to 12 weeks

Tongue

the ___ begins to form at around 4 weeks, and differentiates at around 4 to 8 weeks

Cleft Lip

if the primary palate does not successfully fuse, this causes ___

Cleft Palate

if the secondary palate does not successfully fuse, this causes ___

Prefix + Root Word + Suffix

medical terms usually follow this pattern:

Greek (diseases or conditions) and Latin (anatomy, structural divisions, or descriptions)

medical terms are usually rooted in: