Parasite Exam 2

Hamatopinus Asini is a

A) Sucking louse of equids

Arthropods which are parasitic on animals all

C) have chitinous exoskeletons

The biting midges (Culicidae) are members of the sub-order

• Nematocera

The biological vectors of Dirofilaria immitis are

• Mosquitos

Which of the following options best describes the mouthparts of the horse fly, Tabanus

• Rasping

Which of the following statements is true of fleas that feed on domestic animals

• both sexes suck blood

The lesions of flea bite hypersensitivity in dogs are found mostly

• around the hind quarters and groin

Which of the following tick species are considered invasie species in the USA

• Haemophysalis longicornis

Insect bite hypersensitivity in horses is caused by the bites of

• Culicoides spp.

Tick paralysis is

• has a good prognosis if tick is removed

Sarcoptc mange is caused by

• burrowing mites

lice are

• obligate ectoparsites

Mites that legs extending well beyond their body margin

• non-burowing mites

Demodicosis in dogs is

• an infestation of Demodex mites

Best area to take skin scrapig

• the periphery fo the lesion

Dermanyssus Gallinae

• can potentially feed on humans

The most important paralysis-inducing Ixodid tick species of cattle in North America is

• Dermacentor andersoni

On how many hosts do Rhipicephalus Sanguineus feed to complete its life cycle

• three hosts

Where would you expect to find the mite Pneumonyssoides caninum

• in the respiratory system of their hosts

An insecticide can be used to treat

• flea infestation in dogs

Acaricide

any drug or formulation for killing acarids (mites or ticks)

Insecticide

any drug or chemical used for killing insects

Pesticides

substances/mixture of substances for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest - used in crop protection

Endectocide

parasiticides (macrocyclic lactones) that affect both nematodes and arthropods

Curative

cure/heal sick animals following the diagnosis of infection

Metaphylaxis

treatment of whole group of animals after diagnosis of infection in part of the group - to prevent the spread of infectious disease

Preventative

treatment of a group of animals before clinical signs to prevent the occurrence of disease or infection (can cause resistance)

strategic

treatment at certain time points according to parasite biology

Mites morphology

2 body parts, 4 pairs of legs, pedipalps (sensory organ), larvae only have 3 pairs of legs, pedicles can end in claws or suckers

Mites metamorphosis

incomplete

mites host

the majority are free-living, some plant predators, some obligate parasites

Mites pathology

85% of asthma sufferers are allergic to free-living dust mites, irritation and traumatic lesions caused during feeding, mange, cutaneous hypersensitivity, anemia

mites intermediate host

tapeworms of cattle, sheep, horses

mites life cycle

parasitic mites spend their entire lives on the host, mostly ectoparasitic, 1-3 nymph stages

mites transmission

direct contact between hosts

mites seasonal

winter is a problem because of animals huddling together and kept in closer quarters

classification of mites

burrowing or non-burrowing

what are cigar shaped and cause mange

demodex folliculorum

Free-living mites - Orbatida

morphology: beetle like

habitat: soil and vegetation on pastures

transmission: ingested

hosts: sheep and other grazing animals

intermediate hosts: cestodes, Moniezia and Anoplocephala

diagnosis of Non-burrowing mites

skin scraping at the edge of the lesion or serum ELISA

Non-burrowing mites pathology

dermatitis

Non-burrowing mites morphology

oval body, long legs

Non-burrowing mites transmission

direct contact, indirect via scratching

Non-burrowing mites feeding

skin scales and tissue, superficial blood sucking

what is the most common mange in cattle, can survive off hosts

Chorioptes

what is the common ear mite

Otodectes Cynotis

Otodectes Cynotis ear mites hosts

dogs, cats, foxes

Otodectes Cynotis morpholoyg

unsegmented pedicle

Otodectes Cynotis predilection site

deep ear canal

Otodectes Cynotis clinical signs

grey to black exudate with crusts

Otodectes Cynotis pathology

hematoma, head shaking, pruritis, secondary bacterial infection

Raillietia ear mites hosts

cattle and goats

Raillietia pathology

blockage of auditory canal, inflammation, hearing loss

Diagnosis of ear mites

dark debris, moving white specks on otoscope

Dermanyssidae non-burrowing mites

Pneumonyssoides caninum

Dermanyssus gallinae

Ornithonyssus sylviarum

Pneumonyssoides caninum

canine nasal mite

Pneumonyssoides caninum morphology

oval, pale yellow

Pneumonyssoides caninum clinical signs

head shaking, inverted sneezing, nasal sections

Dermanyssus gallinae non burrowing mite

red mite of poultry or pigeon mite

Dermanyssus gallinae morphology

large, elongated chelicerae and stylet like piercing mouthparts, greyish white, but red when engorged

Dermanyssus gallinae

not a permanent ectoparasite

only one which punctures skin

zoonotic

Dermanyssus gallinae feeding

larvae dont feed, nymphs feed and fall off, can live for 8 months without feeding

Ornithonyssus sylviarum

Northern fowl mite

abundant in US

main ectoparasite of laying birds

Trombiclidae non-burrowing mite

mostly free living with some parasitic adaptations

morpholoyg; orange-red

seasonal: late summer, early autumn

habitat: grain storage areas

predilection site: ears, eyes, toes (in humans= feet)

parasitic: only larval stages

hosts: not host specific, dogs, cats, birds, rabbits zoonotic

Burrowing mites

morphology: small round short legs

Sarcoptidae (Sarcoptes, Notoedres, Trixacarus, Kneidocoptes)

Demodicidae (Demodex)

Sarcoptidae Sarcoptes scab mite, scabies

morphology: numerous transverse ridges and triangular scales on dorsum

hosts; all domestic animals except cats and guinea pigs, zoonotic

predilection site: stratum coleum of skin, all development within burrows in skin, dogs=ears, muzzle, face, elbows, pigs=ears

feeding: pierce skin to suck lymph, epidermal cells

pathology: inflammation, exudate, crusts, alopecia, allergic reaction to feces, molts, saliva, death in wildlife, papular eruptions in humans, strong sour odors

diagnosis: skin scrape with some bleeding in paraffin oil

Sarcoptidae Notroedes cati

cat scabies

morphology: thumbprint like striations on dorsum

predilection site: skin of face, neck and ears

Sarcoptidae Knemidocoptes

poultry scabies only burrowing mite of birds

morphology: stalked pulvilli in males, no spines or scales, legs do not go past body

pathology: scaly leg (mutans), Deplumbing itch (gallinae, burrow in hair shaft), tassel foot and scaly face/beak (pilae, non feathered parts)

Demodex burrowing mite

demodectic or follicular mange

Demodex burrowing mite morphology

small, elongated cigar shaped

not contagious

transmission: mom to baby during suckling

predilection site: hair follicles, sebaceous glands