unit one vocab

test 9/22

3 unalienable rights

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

who was john winthrop?

founder of the mass. bay colony, city upon a hill writer in 1630, puritan

puritan

Protestant that sought to purify the Church of England, emphasized strict religious discipline and moral living.

who was roger williams

founder of rhode island, radical, bloody tenent of persecution writer

who was patrick henry?

wrote give me liberty or give me death in 1775, convinced others to join the revolution by stating grievances against britain (fact)

who was thomas paine?

wrote common sense in 1776, appealed to the logic of people to convince them to join the revolution. inspired by enlightenment thinkers

declaration of independence (when, who, why?)

thomas jefferson, 1776, a formal statement declaring the colonies' independence

jamestown

the first permanent English settlement in America, established in 1607 in Virginia

plymouth

a colony established by English Pilgrims in 1620

pilgrims

english settlers who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620 seeking religious freedom

separatists

english Protestants who separated from the Church of England to establish their own churches, settled in Plymouth.

god, glory gold

the 3 reasons settlers came to america. found no gold, puritans came for relgious freedom (god)

year the first settlers came to jamestown

1607

who were some of the first dissenters in new england?

thomas hooker (political), roger williams (religious), and anne hutchinson (social)

what were the pequot wars and their significance?

1636-1638, Pequot tribe vs English settlers in New England. resulted in the near destruction of the Pequot tribe

french and indian war (7 years war)

1754-1763, british vs. french, british wins but in debt, imposes heavy taxes on colonists

the stamp act

1765, the taxation on all paper goods

the proclamation line of 1763

boundary established by the british that stopped colonial settlement west of the appalachians to reduce conflicts with native people

the boston massacre

1770, demostration against stamp act, british soldiers shoot into crow and kill five colonists

the boston tea party

1773, response to boston massacre, sneak on to british ships and throw all the tea into the water

1st continental congress

1774, meeting of reps. from all 13 colonies to talk about the state of the nation

the quartering act

1774, required colonists to house, clothe, and feed british soldiers

paul revere’s midnight ride

1775, after british pass intolerable acts making boston under military rule, paul revere warns everyone british are coming to boston’s colonial aresenal

the battle of lexington and concord

1775, the battle that ensues after paul revere’s warning, first official battle between colonists and military

women’s rights under the declaration

cannot own property, sign legal documents, enter into contracts, obtain an education without permission, keep wages for herself, or vote

suffrage

the right to vote

the american revolution

1775-1783, fight for independence, US wins

how did the US win the am. rev?

geographical advantages, rallied together for a common cause, good/dedicated leadership, foreign assistance, guerrilla warfare

the articles of confederation

1781, first set of laws/consitution, strong state govt., weak central govt., very inefficient

confederation

loose bonds of friendship

the US constitution

1787-1789 in Philadephia, PA, estabilished a federal government with three branches

federalism

strong central government, weak state government. hamilton was a federalist

anti-federalism

weak central government, strong state government. jefferson and burr were anti-federalists

washington

elected president 1789, wrote his farewell address which mainly warned against political parties and foreign policy, and promoted unity

washington’s precedents

president dresses like everyone else, has a cabinet of advisors, serves for 2 terms

thomas jefferson (vp)

john adams’ vp, hated him, tired to sway senate against his decisions

presidential election of 1800

burr and jefferson both elected, hamilton sways congress to pick jefferson

democratic republicans

anti-federalists

12th ammendment

separated the elections between pres. and vp

thomas jefferson’s presidency

elected march 1st 1801, strict constructionist and democratic republican, limited govt, delivers 1st inaugural address

strict contructionist

you believe that the constitution cannot be re-interpreted to deal with modern issues

loose constructionist

you believe the constitution can be re-interpreted to deal with modern issues

marbury vs. madison

created the principle of judicial review, the principle that allowed the judicial branch to strike down unconstitutional laws. happens during jefferson’s presidency

jefferson’s inaugural address

vision for america, unity, reduced power of federal govt., and promoting individual liberty. was very humble

the lousiana purchase

napolean needs money to conquer europe, sells all of the land he has in america to jefferson. jefferson makes this decision all on his own despite wanting limited power for the federal govt. finalized 1803. leads to am civil war

power from consent of the governed

democracy

separation of powers

the breaking of the government into 3 branches

3 branches of government

congress (legislative), judicial, and executive

role of legislative branch (congress)

make laws, control finances, represent the people

the great compromise

the splitting of congress into the house of representatives and senate

how many votes does each state get in the HoR?

based on population

how many votes does each state get in the senate

2

role of executive branch

enforcing laws, implementing policies, managing the federal govt

role of judicial branch

interpreting laws, ensuring justice, reviewing legal cases

checks and balances

a system that separates powers among the 3 branches to prevent one branch from gaining too much power

bill of rights

first 10 amendments to the constitution, protected individual rights, made mainly for anti-federalists to promise specific rights

federalist papers

a series of essays mainly written by hamilton to convince people to support the consitution

foreign policy

the strategy a nation uses to protect its interests and achieve goals in its relations with other countries, washington said it was dangerous

political parties

washington said they would lead to greed and a want for power, would break unity between states

taxes

necessary, according to washington

sectionalism

the interest of sections of a country rather than the whole