thermodynamics musts for june 6th

Boyle’s law

For a given quantity of a gas, at a constant temperature pressure is inversely proportional to volume.

Charles law

For a given quantity of a gas, given a constant pressure, temperature is directly proportional to the volume

Pressure law

For a given quantity of a gas, given a constant volume, pressure is directly proportional to the temperature

To calculate the number of molecules/atoms

Moles x avogadros constant

Change of phase

Transitions between solids, liquids and gases. During a change of phase, there is a change of internal energy but not temperature

Thermal equillibrium

A stable state where there is no thermal heat transfer between two regions

Absolute temperature

A temperature value relative to absolute zero

Brownian motion

The random motion of particles

Work done is equal to:

Pressure x change in volume

Specific latent heat of fusion

Energy required for 1 kilogram of a substance to change state from solid to liquid or liquid to solid, where energy is taken in when changing from solid to liquid

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

Energy required for 1kg of a substance to change state from liquid to gas and vice versa, where energy is taken in from liquid to gas

Equation for boyles law

P1V1 = P2V2

Factors for brownian motion

Temperature, size, density of the medium

What does the temperature do in brownian motion

Increase in random motion

What does size do for BM

Smaller size = more random and jerky motion

What does the density do for BM

Lower density, more random and jerky motion

2 types of forces

Cohesive forces, adhesive forces

Triple point

Point where all 3 states of matter coexist

What is the ideal gas law

pV = NkT

Kinetic theory of gases

PV = 1/3(Nmv²)

5 ideal gas assumptions

Molecules are considered as hard identitcal spheres

All collisions between molecules are elastic and all motion is frictionless

Time of collision is negligible as compared to mean free path

Volume of particles are negligible

Gas molecules are constantly moving in random directions