recap

Carolus Linnaeus

Developed a classification system for organisms.

Cell Structure

One way scientists classify organisms based on their cell structure.

Reproduction

Another criterion for classifying organisms is how they reproduce.

Plant Cells

The building blocks of all plants.

Six Kingdoms of Life

Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protist, Eubacteria, Archaea Bacteria.

Taxonomy Pyramid

Order of classification - Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

Taxonomy Grouping

Organisms are grouped based on size, shape, diet, habitat, and reproduction.

Taxonomy

Science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms.

Classification

The grouping of organisms based on characteristics and similar traits.

Animal Kingdom Characteristics

Many-celled organisms that feed on living or once-living matter.

Plant Kingdom Characteristics

Many-celled organisms that make their own food.

Fungi Kingdom Characteristics

Mostly many-celled organisms that absorb food from other living or dead sources.

Protists Kingdom Characteristics

Mostly single-celled organisms that can make their own food or feed on living or once-living matter.

Monerans Kingdom Characteristics

Single-celled organisms without a cell nucleus, some make food, some feed on living or once-living matter.

Monerans Examples

Bacteria.

Protists Examples

Algae, Amoebas, Euglena, Paramecium.

Fungi Examples

Mushrooms, Yeasts, Molds.

Importance of Plants

Provide energy for most living things and help stabilize Earth's climate.

Vascular Plants

Have plant cells forming tubes to transport water and nutrients.

Non-Vascular Plants

Lack tubes for material transport, limiting their size.

Cell

The smallest unit capable of life activities.

Cell Theory

All living things are made of cells, which are the basic units of life, and come from existing cells.

Organelle

Structures within a cell that enable its functions.

Prokaryotic Cell

Lacks a membrane-covered nucleus and organelles, with circular DNA.

Eukaryotic Cell

Contains a nucleus, membrane-covered organelles, and linear DNA.

Cell Membrane

Outer layer regulating substances in and out, maintaining cell balance.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like fluid holding cell organelles.

Nucleus

Cell's control center containing DNA.

Mitochondria

Power center providing energy for cell activities.

Ribosomes

Sites for protein synthesis in cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell's transportation system with rough and smooth types.

Lysosomes

Organelles digesting food, particles, and cell parts.

Vacuole

Organelle storing water, food, and waste.

Cell Wall

Found in plant cells, providing support and protection.

Chloroplasts

Present in plant cells, where photosynthesis occurs.

Equilibrium

Molecules are equally distributed inside and outside the cell.

Passive Transport

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy.

Active Transport

Requires energy for moving molecules.

Mitosis

Cell division process starting with the nucleus division.

Heredity

Passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Traits

Observable characteristics individuals carry.

Alleles

Different forms of a gene inherited from parents.

DNA

Genetic material carrying information about an organism's traits.

Inherited Traits

Traits passed down from parents through genes.

Recessive Allele

Requires two copies to produce a phenotype.

Dominant Allele

Shows its phenotype with one or two copies.

Zygote

Cell formed by the combination of egg and sperm cells.

Fertilization

Process where sperm meets egg to form a zygote.