Sem 2 Military history part 1 (theories of war)

What are the reasons for war?

Resources

Ideologies

National prestige

Explain the first reason (resources)

Same reasons why the West colonised

Since natural resources like land, water, oil and fish are unequally distributed. Some countries have more of these resources, but others have less. Those with fewer resources might use force to gain more, especially when resources are necessary for survival and economic growth.

• Resources such as precious metals (e.g. tin) and precious stones (e.g diamonds), arable land, natural resources (e.g. oil), and monopoly of trade routes

EXAMPLES:

During the 1970s, Britain and Iceland were in conflict over fishing grounds. Iceland had fewer natural resources and depended on the fishing industry for its survival. As a result, Iceland felt that its national interest was threatened. When Iceland expanded its territory for natural resources, Britain was a country that did not comply. Hence, Iceland broke off diplomatic ties with them.

Explain the second reason (ideologies)

Different values, beliefs may cause conflicts. Countries pursuing different ideologies can come into conflict if they see that their ideological belief are threatened

In the 1950s, North Korea and South Korea fought a war because they believed in different ideologies. NK believed in communism, and SK believed in democracy. The soviet Union (USSR), the United States of America (USA), the People’s Republic of China and the United Nations (UN) were also involved in the war.

Explain the third reason (National prestige)

To control certain tracts of land for defence/national pride. Some try to extend their control by taking over territories which do not belong to them. If the territory that is invaded is claimed by two or more countries, it can result in conflict among these countries.

National prestige for the pride of the nation, party, personal fame or wants, etc.

In 1947, the Indian-China Border Conflict occurred. After India gained its independence from Britain. China contested India’s presence in several locatlities along their border. After which, China announced the building of the Aksai Chin Road. Tensions rised between India and China, as China occupied more territories which India regarded as its own. Then, war broke out.

Scale of wars

Internal - (e.g. civil war in Syria)

Interstate (e.g. 6 6-day War: Israel vs Egypt)

Regional (e.g. Crimean War: Mainly in Europe)

International (e.g. World War I & II)

Singapore’s war history

Earliest recorded: 14th century

• Ayutthaya kingdom (siam) or Majapahit Empire (Java) fought over Singapore

Second significant battle: 1613

• Portuguese burnt down Malay Settlement (outpost) at the mouth of the Singapore river

Third significant war:

• Japanese occupation (1942 - 1945)