Genotype and Phenotype Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to genotypes, phenotypes, and inheritance patterns in human biology.

What is a genotype?

The genes of an individual that determine a trait.

What is a phenotype?

The physical appearance of a trait.

What is an allele?

An alternate form of a gene.

How are dominant alleles represented?

With uppercase letters.

How are recessive alleles represented?

With lowercase letters.

What is the genotype for homozygous dominant?

Both alleles are dominant (e.g., AA).

What is the genotype for homozygous recessive?

Both alleles are recessive (e.g., aa).

What is the genotype for heterozygous?

One allele is dominant, one is recessive (e.g., Aa).

What does a Punnett square do?

Predicts the outcome of a genetic cross by showing possible allele combinations.

What are the expected genotypic ratios in a monohybrid cross?

1:2:1 for genotypes with dominant and recessive traits.

What is the phenotypic ratio expected from a monohybrid cross?

3:1 for dominant to recessive traits.

In a dihybrid cross, what phenotypic ratio is typically expected?

9:3:3:1 for the dominant and recessive traits.

What is the significance of meiosis in genetic diversity?

Meiosis produces gametes with different combinations of alleles.

What occurs when a homozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual?

All offspring will express the dominant phenotype.

What is the offspring genotype of a crossover between FfSs and ffss?

25% chance for each combination of traits.