PSYCH 2 EXAMND

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/129

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

130 Terms

1
New cards

Exhaustion

the body's energy reserves become depleted, leading to illness and possibly death

2
New cards

Health psychology

the branch of psychology that studies how biological, behavioral, and social factors influence health, illness, medical treatment, and health-related behavior.

3
New cards

Psychophysiological illnesses:

"mind-body" illness any stress-related physicial illness. (hypertension, headaches, etc.)

4
New cards

Stress

a negative emotional state occurring in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a person's resources or ability to cope

5
New cards

Stress Appraisal

how you see or appraise the stress or present situation

6
New cards

Appraisal model

experience of stress is determined in part by our subjective evolution of phenomenon as well as our resources for coping

7
New cards

Stressor

events we see as threatening or challenging

8
New cards

Important thing about stress

Stress is more the result of how we appraise the stressor and less from the event themselves.

9
New cards

Traumatic events

events are events or situations that are negative, severe and far beyond our normal expectations for everyday life or life events

10
New cards

Accourding to the health psychologist Shelly Taylor

the "tend and befriend" response is a phenomenon when those around you quickly come to your aid whether stranger or friend during traumatic events.

11
New cards

Walter Cannon

confirmed that the response to stress is a mind/body experience and results in a chan of internal physical reactions

12
New cards

Cannon observed that....

stressors trigger an outpouring of the stress hormones and is part of the sympathetic nervous system's response

13
New cards

Cannon calls the response to these changes fight or flight where levels of stress involve both the ___________________ and the _____________________

sympathetic nervous system, endocrine system

14
New cards

Catecholamines are...

fight-or-flight stress hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline, released when the sympathetic nervous system activates the endocrine system.

15
New cards

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS):

the body's' adaptive response to stress

16
New cards

_______________ extended Cannon's research on stress

Hans Selye

17
New cards

3 stages of (GAS)

1. Alarm
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion

18
New cards

Alarm Reaction

sympathetic nervous system is activated, heart rate zooms, etc. Now ready to fight the challange

19
New cards

Resistance

blood pressure, temp and breathing remain high and hormones flow. If stress continues, it can deplete the body's reserves during phase 3

20
New cards

stress hormones

supress the disease fighting lymphoctyes and impair immune system functioning

21
New cards

Chronic stress

triggers the secretion of corticosteroids, which influence immune system functioning

22
New cards

Psychoneuroimmunology

the interdisciplinary field that studies the interconnections among psychological processes, nervous, and endocrine system functions, and the immune system

23
New cards

_________ is an emotion that is closely linked to stress related illnesses esp. heart attacks.

Anger

24
New cards

_____________ levels are positively correlated to heart disease

Hostility

25
New cards

Studies show that daily ___________ effect people's immune systems

Moods

26
New cards

____________ strongly effect ___________________, particularly those with _________________________(high in urgency, hostility and competitiveness).

stressor, cardiovascular health, type A personalities

27
New cards

problem-focused coping:

attempting to alleviate stress directly, by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

28
New cards

Emotion-focused strategy

managing the emotional impact of the situation

29
New cards

Coping

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive or behavioral methods. The way in which we try to change circumstances or our interpretation to make them less stressful

30
New cards

Personal Control:

whether we learn to see ourselves as controlling or controlled by our environment

31
New cards

External locus of control

the perception that chance or outside forces determine their fate.

32
New cards

Optimistic

(external, unstable, specific)

33
New cards

Passimistic

(internal, stable, global)

34
New cards

Internal locus of control

the perception that, to a great extent, one controls their own fate.

35
New cards

Perceived control

perception or belief that control exists
- more likely to use problem-solving coping if perceived control exists

36
New cards

Social support

resources provided by other people in times of need, including emotional, tangible, and informational support

37
New cards

Resilience

the ability to cope with stress and adversity, to adapt to negative or unforeseen circumstances, and to rebound after negative experiences.

38
New cards

Personality

an individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behavior

39
New cards

The psychoanalytic theory

Freud, first theory of personality. Includes ideas about an unconscious region of the mind, psychosexual stages of development, and defense mechanisms for holding anxiety at bay

40
New cards

Unconsnscious

according to Freud is a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoguhts, wishes, feelings, and memories.

41
New cards

3 levels of awareness of Freud?

1. Conscious
2. Preconscious
3. Unconscious

42
New cards

Psychoanalysis:

the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

43
New cards

Freud's theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques is known as _________________?

Psychoanalysis

44
New cards

Free Association

in psychoanalysis, method of assessing the unconscious by asking patients to spontaneously report mental images, thoughts, and feelings as they come to mind

45
New cards

Dreams

the "royal road to the unconscious"

46
New cards

Freud proposed 3 interacting systems that make up the personality: _________, ___________, _____________

id, ego, and superego

47
New cards

Id:

the unconscious constantly striving to satisfy basic drives and operates on the pleasure principle and demands immediate gratification

*what u are born with, pleasure principle, id doesnt wanna wait, Ex. baby crying for survival, you want what you want when you want it, no impulse control

*immediate gratification, in the moment

48
New cards

Ego

operates on the reality principle, seels to graatify the id's impulse in realistic ways. It's the "executive" part of personality

49
New cards

Superego

The voice of our conscience focuses on how one ought to behave. It strives for perfection and produces feelings of pride and guilt.

- strives for perfection

50
New cards

Psychosexual stages:

the childhood stages of development during which the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus o distinct erogenous zones

51
New cards

oral(#)

0-18m

52
New cards

Anal(#)

18-36m

53
New cards

Phallicv(#)

3-6 yrs

54
New cards

Latency(#)

6-puberty

55
New cards

Genital

puberty on

56
New cards

Stages

1. Oral
2.Anal
3. Phallic
4.Latency
5. Genital

57
New cards

Oral

focus is on oral stimulation (mouth)

58
New cards

Anal

focus is on potty training and control

59
New cards

Phallic

focus is on the genitals

60
New cards

Latency

sexual urges are repressed, and child prefers same sex friends

61
New cards

Genitals

sexual urges that remain for the rest of one's life

62
New cards

Oedipus Complex

During phallic stage, Freud believed boys seek genitals stimulation and develop both unconscious sexual desires for their mother and jealousy and hatred for their father whom they consider a rival

63
New cards

Identification:

the process of incorporating their parent's value into developing superego

64
New cards

Fixiation

lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies
Ex- abrupt early weaning can result in an orally fiixated adult

65
New cards

Ego defense mechanisms

tactics to reduce, avoid, or redirect anxiety by distorting reality

-not healthy

66
New cards

Repression

banish anxiety-arousing thoughts and feelings from consciousness

67
New cards

Regression

when faced with anxiety, to retreat to a more infantile stage of development

68
New cards

Reaction Formation

the ego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look like their opposites

69
New cards

Projection

disguise their own threating impulses by attributing them to others

70
New cards

Rationalization

offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions.

-making excuses
-
he hit me because he grew up in a rough environment

71
New cards

Displacement

shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

72
New cards

Denial

refusal to acknowledge disturbing aspects of reality

73
New cards

Undoing

trying to take back or make up for a behavior or impulse that was hurtful to someone. Replaying and reimagining them.

74
New cards

Intellectualization

avoidance of feelings by overly focusing on the intellectual aspects of an issue to avoid emotional reactions.

75
New cards

Alfred Aldler and Karen Horney: believed that _______________________?

social, not sexual tensions are crucial for personality formation

76
New cards

Adler

(inferiority complex)

77
New cards

Adler (inferiority complex)

believed that much of our behavior is driven by efforts to conquer childhood feelings of inferiority and can be done in a healthy way or an unhealthy way.

78
New cards

The healthy person uses _______________ as a motive for productivity and overcoming obstacles.

inferiority,

79
New cards

The unhealthy way is to strive to overcome inferiorities at other's expense or one's own.

80
New cards

Karen Horney emphasizes the importance of _____________________ in _________________.

human relationships, personality development

81
New cards

__________________ emphasizes the importance of human relationships in personality development.

Karen Horney

82
New cards

Rather than overcoming an inferiority issue, Horney focused on the need to overcome _________________________

feelings of low self-worth

83
New cards

Both Horney and Adler agreed that ____________________ contributed significantly to faulty ________________________.

faculty parenting, personality development

84
New cards

Carl Jung:

less emphasis on scoial factors, agreed with Freud re: the unconscious, but believed it contains more then repressed thoughts and feelings

85
New cards

Collective unconscious

images derived from our species' universal experiences (inheritied experiences). Reflects human evolutionary history and is common to all people.

86
New cards

Ultimately, Jung believed 3 levels of consciousness existL

1. conscious
2. unconscious
3. collective unconscious.

87
New cards

In direct contrast to Freud's pessimistic view of people, the _____________________ saw people saw people as being innately good and naturally strive to fulfill his or her unique potential.

humanistic psychologists,

88
New cards

Two pioneers?

Maslow and Rogers

89
New cards

Maslow's heirchy of needsL

self actualization, the desire to fulfilling our potential.

90
New cards

The humanistic perspective focuses on the way "healthy" people operate and strive for ______________________ and _______________________

self-determination, self-realization.

91
New cards

Malsow's Herichy of Needs

5. Self-actualization
4. Esteem
3. Belongingness and Love
2. Safety
1. Physiological
Later, Self-transcendence was added at the end of Maslow's career

92
New cards

Carl Rogers:

known for the Person-Centered perspective, contended that the most basic human motive is the actualizing tendency: the innate drive to maintain and enhance the human organism

93
New cards

According to ______________, all other human motives (biological or social) are ______________.

Rogers, secondary

94
New cards

Genuine

be true to who you are

95
New cards

Acceptance

(unconditional positive regard), total acceptance toward others and ourselves

96
New cards

Empathy:

to understand what someone is feeling without experiencing it first-hand.

97
New cards

Rogers agreed with Maslow regarding the ultimate goal of self-actualization, however, believed one needs 3 conditions to promote it: To be genuine, accepting, and empathetic

1. genuine
2. accepting
3. empathetic

98
New cards

Unconditional Positive regard:

refers to the sense of being unconditionally loved and valued, even if you don't confirm to the standards and expectations of others.

99
New cards

Rogers believed that healthy ____________________ is the result of being unconditionally valued and loved as a person. (discipline without undermining the child's sense of self-worth)

personality development,

100
New cards

Conditional positive regard:

the sens that you will be valued and loved only if you behave in a way that is acceptable to others, conditional love or acceptance