CHAPTER 4 lecture exam

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Last updated 7:20 AM on 9/10/26
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93 Terms

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What is the description of simple squamous epithelium?

single layer of flat cells with disc-shaped nuclei.

<p><span>single layer of flat cells with disc-shaped nuclei.</span></p>
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What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

Diffusion and filtration.

<p><span>Diffusion and filtration.</span></p>
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Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Lungs

<p><span>Lungs</span></p>
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What is the description of simple cuboidal epithelium?

single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei.

<p><span>single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei.</span></p>
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What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Secretion and absorption

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Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?

Kidney tubules

<p><span>Kidney tubules</span></p>
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What is the description of simple columnar epithelium?

single layer of column-shaped (rectangular) cells with oval nuclei. Some contain cilia and goblet cells

<p><span>single layer of column-shaped (rectangular) cells with oval nuclei. Some contain cilia and goblet cells</span></p>
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What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

Absorption and secretion

<p>Absorption and secretion</p>
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Where is nonciliated simple columnar epithelium found?

Gallbladder

<p>Gallbladder</p>
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Where is ciliated simple columnar epithelium found?

Uterus

<p>Uterus</p>
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What is the description of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

All cells originate at the basement membrane, but only tall cells reach the apical surface.

It may contain goblet cells and cilia.

Nuclei are at varying heights, creating a false stratification.

<p><span>All cells originate at the basement membrane, but only tall cells reach the apical surface.</span></p><p><span> It may contain goblet cells and cilia. </span></p><p><span>Nuclei are at varying heights, creating a false stratification.</span></p>
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What is the function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Secretion and propulsion.

<p><span>Secretion and propulsion.</span></p>
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Where is the nonciliated type of pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

Ducts of large glands

<p><span>Ducts of large glands</span></p>
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Where is the ciliated variety of pseudostratified columnar epithelium found?

Lines the trachea

<p><span>Lines the trachea</span></p>
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What is the description of stratified squamous epithelium?

Many layers of cells; surface cells are squamous.

Deeper cells appear cuboidal or columnar.

thickest epithelial tissue (protects from abrasion)

<p><span>Many layers of cells; surface cells are squamous. </span></p><p><span>Deeper cells appear cuboidal or columnar. </span></p><p><span> thickest epithelial tissue (protects from abrasion)</span></p>
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What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

Protection

<p>Protection</p>
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Where is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

Epidermis (skin)

<p>Epidermis (skin)</p>
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Where is non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium found?

Moist linings of body openings, such as the mouth

<p><span>Moist linings of body openings, such as the mouth</span></p>
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What is the description of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

Two layers of cube-shaped cells

<p><span>Two layers of cube-shaped cells</span></p>
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What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

Protection

<p><span>Protection</span></p>
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Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

Ducts of salivary glands

<p><span>Ducts of salivary glands</span></p>
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What is the description of stratified columnar epithelium?

Several layers; basal cells are usually cuboidal, while superficial cells are elongated.

<p><span>Several layers; basal cells are usually cuboidal, while superficial cells are elongated.</span></p>
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What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium?

Protection and secretion

<p><span>Protection and secretion</span></p>
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Where is stratified columnar epithelium found?

Male urethra

<p><span>Male urethra</span></p>
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What is the description of transitional epithelium?

Superficial cells are dome-shaped when the bladder is relaxed and become squamous when the bladder is full

<p><span>Superficial cells are dome-shaped when the bladder is relaxed and become squamous when the bladder is full</span></p>
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What is the function of transitional epithelium?

Allows stretching (distension)

<p>Allows stretching (distension)</p>
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Where is transitional epithelium found?

bladder

<p>bladder</p>
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What is the description of areolar connective tissue?

Gel-like matrix with all 3 fiber types

Cells found in tissue are fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells

<p><span>Gel-like matrix with all 3 fiber types</span></p><p><span>Cells found in tissue are fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells</span></p>
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What is the function of areolar connective tissue?

Wraps and cushions organs, helps fight infection, and plays an important role in inflammation

<p><span>Wraps and cushions organs, helps fight infection, and plays an important role in inflammation</span></p>
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Where is areolar connective tissue located?

Under epithelia

<p><span>Under epithelia</span></p>
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What is the description of adipose tissue?

Closely packed adipocytes with the nucleus pushed to one side by a fat droplet; highly vascularized

<p><span>Closely packed adipocytes with the nucleus pushed to one side by a fat droplet; highly vascularized</span></p>
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What are the functions of adipose tissue?

Stores fuel, insulates, and supports/protects organs

<p><span>Stores fuel, insulates, and supports/protects organs</span></p>
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Where is adipose tissue located?

Under skin

<p>Under skin</p>
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What is the description of reticular connective tissue?

network of reticular fibers in loose ground substance

<p><span>network of reticular fibers in loose ground substance</span></p>
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What is the function of reticular connective tissue?

Supports soft tissues

<p><span>Supports soft tissues</span></p>
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Where is reticular connective tissue located?

Spleen

<p><span>Spleen</span></p>
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What is the description of dense irregular connective tissue?

Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers, with some elastic fibers and fibroblasts

<p><span>Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers, with some elastic fibers and fibroblasts</span></p>
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What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue?

Withstands tension and provides strength

<p><span>Withstands tension and provides strength</span></p>
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Where is dense irregular connective tissue located?

Dermis of the skin

<p>Dermis of the skin</p>
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What is the description of dense regular connective tissue?

Primarily parallel collagen fibers, with fibroblasts and some elastic fibers; poorly vascularized.

<p><span>Primarily parallel collagen fibers, with fibroblasts and some elastic fibers; poorly vascularized.</span></p>
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What are the functions of dense regular connective tissue?

Attaches muscle to bone, attaches bone to bone, and withstands great stress in one direction

<p>Attaches muscle to bone, attaches bone to bone, and withstands great stress in one direction</p>
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Where is dense regular connective tissue located?

Tendons

<p>Tendons</p>
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What is the description of elastic connective tissue?

Elastic fibers predominate

<p><span>Elastic fibers predominate</span></p>
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What is the function of elastic connective tissue?

Allows tissues to stretch and recoil

<p><span>Allows tissues to stretch and recoil</span></p>
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Where is elastic connective tissue found?

Within the walls of the aorta

<p><span>Within the walls of the aorta</span></p>
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What is the description of hyaline cartilage?

imperceptible collagen fibers; chondroblasts produce the matrix and chondrocytes lie in lacunae

<p><span>imperceptible collagen fibers; chondroblasts produce the matrix and chondrocytes lie in lacunae</span></p>
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What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

Supports and reinforces; it is resilient and resists compression

<p><span>Supports and reinforces; it is resilient and resists compression</span></p>
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Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Trachea

<p><span>Trachea</span></p>
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What is the description of elastic cartilage?

Has more elastic fibers in the matrix; similar to hyaline cartilage

<p><span>Has more elastic fibers in the matrix; similar to hyaline cartilage</span></p>
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What is the function of elastic cartilage?

Maintains shape and flexibility

<p><span>Maintains shape and flexibility</span></p>
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Where is elastic cartilage found?

Ear pinna

<p>Ear pinna </p>
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What is the description of fibrocartilage?

Matrix is similar but less firm than hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate.

<p><span>Matrix is similar but less firm than hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate.</span></p>
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What is the function of fibrocartilage?

Provides tensile strength and absorbs compressive shock

<p><span>Provides tensile strength and absorbs compressive shock</span></p>
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Where is fibrocartilage found?

Intervertebral discs

<p><span>Intervertebral discs</span></p>
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What is the description of bone tissue?

Calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers

<p><span>Calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers</span></p>
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What is the function of bone tissue?

Supports and protects

<p><span>Supports and protects</span></p>
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Where is bone tissue found?

Bones

<p>Bones</p>
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What do osteoblasts do?

Secrete collagen fibers and matrix

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What are osteocytes?

Mature bone cells located in lacunae

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What is the description of blood tissue?

Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix

<p><span>Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix</span></p>
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What is the function of blood tissue?

Transport

<p><span>Transport</span></p>
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Where is blood tissue found?

Blood vessels

<p><span>Blood vessels</span></p>
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What is a mucous membrane?

Lines hollow organs that open to the outside.

<p><span>Lines hollow organs that open to the outside.</span></p>
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What are the layers of a mucous membrane?

epithelial sheet underlain with a layer of lamina propria

<p><span>epithelial sheet underlain with a layer of lamina propria</span></p>
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What does a serous membrane line?

Closed cavities (pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities)

<p><span>Closed cavities (pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities)</span></p>
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What is the description of skeletal muscle tissue?

Long cylindrical cells, multinucleate, with obvious striations

<p><span>Long cylindrical cells, multinucleate, with obvious striations</span></p>
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What is the function of skeletal muscle tissue?

Voluntary movement, manipulation of the environment, and facial expression

<p><span>Voluntary movement, manipulation of the environment, and facial expression</span></p>
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Where is skeletal muscle tissue found?

Attached to bones

<p>Attached to bones</p>
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What is the description of cardiac muscle tissue?

Branching cells, generally uninucleate, with cells interdigitating at intercalated discs

<p><span>Branching cells, generally uninucleate, with cells interdigitating at intercalated discs</span></p>
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What is the function of cardiac muscle tissue?

Contracts to propel blood into the circulatory system

<p><span>Contracts to propel blood into the circulatory system</span></p>
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Where is cardiac muscle tissue found?

Walls of the heart

<p><span>Walls of the heart</span></p>
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What is the description of smooth muscle tissue?

Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei, arranged closely to form sheets, with no striations

<p><span>Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei, arranged closely to form sheets, with no striations</span></p>
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What is the function of smooth muscle tissue?

Propels substances and provides involuntary control

<p><span>Propels substances and provides involuntary control</span></p>
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Where is smooth muscle tissue found?

Walls of hollow organs

<p><span>Walls of hollow organs</span></p>
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What is the description of nervous tissue?

Main components are the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It has two types of cells: neurons and supporting cells (neuroglia)

<p><span>Main components are the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It has two types of cells: neurons and supporting cells (neuroglia)</span></p>
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What is the function of nervous tissue?

Controls and transmits electrical signals

<p><span>Controls and transmits electrical signals</span></p>
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Where is nervous tissue found?

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

<p><span>Brain, spinal cord, and nerves</span></p>
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What is the ECM (Extracellular matrix)?

All the material located outside of cells

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What is the first stage of tissue repair?

Inflammation

<p><strong>Inflammation</strong></p>
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What happens during inflammation?

Blood vessels bleed, inflammatory chemicals are released, blood vessels become more permeable, and white blood cells and clotting proteins enter the injured area.

<p><span>Blood vessels bleed, inflammatory chemicals are released, blood vessels become more permeable, and white blood cells and clotting proteins enter the injured area.</span></p>
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What happens when clotting occurs?

surface dies and forms a scab

<p><span>surface dies and forms a <strong>scab</strong></span></p>
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What happens during the organization stage of repair?

clot is replaced by granulation tissue, which restores the blood supply.

<p><span><strong>clot is replaced by granulation tissue</strong>, which restores the blood supply.</span></p>
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What do fibroblasts do during repair?

produce collagen fibers that bridge the gap.

<p>produce <strong>collagen fibers</strong> that bridge the gap.</p>
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What do macrophages do during repair?

phagocytize (remove) cell debris

<p><strong>phagocytize (remove) cell debris</strong></p>
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What happens to the surface epithelial cells?

multiply and migrate over the granulation tissue

<p><span>multiply and migrate over the <strong>granulation tissue</strong></span></p>
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What is the final stage of tissue repair?

Regeneration and fibrosis

<p><span><strong>Regeneration and fibrosis</strong></span></p>
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What happens to the fibrosed area?

matures and contracts, causing the epithelium to thicken.

<p><span><strong>matures and contracts</strong>, causing the epithelium to thicken.</span></p>
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What is the result of tissue repair?

fully regenerated epithelium with an underlying scar tissue results.

<p><span><strong>fully regenerated epithelium</strong> with an underlying <strong>scar tissue</strong> results.</span></p>
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