Lab 3-Cell structure and fucntion

What are the two main types of cells?

Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells.

Name three examples of prokaryotic cells.

Archaea, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

What surrounds the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells?

A plasma membrane and a supporting cell wall.

What are flagella used for in prokaryotes?

Movement.

What are pili used for in prokaryotic cells?

To attach to surfaces or exchange genetic material.

What two structures are found within the cytoplasm of prokaryotes?

Ribosomes and nucleoid regions.

What characteristic distinguishes cyanobacteria from other bacteria?

Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a and are capable of photosynthesis.

What are thylakoids in cyanobacteria?

Membranes where chlorophyll and accessory pigments for photosynthesis are located.

What is the function of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

The site of photosynthesis.

What is the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

The site of aerobic respiration.

What is the protoplast?

All material and organelles contained by the plasma membrane.

What is the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

It contains genetic material and controls metabolism.

What are amyloplasts?

Plastids that store starch.

What is the main component of plant cell walls?

Cellulose.

What is the function of the contractile vacuole in Amoeba?

It accumulates and expels water and waste products.

How do amoebas move?

By amoeboid movement using pseudopodia.

What type of organisms are Paramecium and Spirogyra classified as?

They are both protists.

What is a defining feature of Spirogyra?

The spiral arrangement of its chloroplasts.

What important role does Lactobacillus play in food?

It converts milk to yogurt.

What are cytoplasmic strands called that connect adjacent plant cells?

Plasmodesmata.

What does the nuclear envelope do?

It encloses the fluid-filled interior of the nucleus.

What is the purpose of staining onion cells in laboratory procedures?

To enhance the visibility of the vacuole and nucleus.

What are the inner membranes of chloroplasts called?

Thylakoids.

What structure in plant cells helps in rigid support?

Cell wall.

What are the characteristics of Eukaryotic cells compared to Prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are structurally more complex and contain organelles not found in prokaryotic cells.

How do you examine small structures in a microscope?

By rotating the high-power objective lens into place.

What is a primary difference between cyanobacteria and other bacteria?

Cyanobacteria can perform photosynthesis due to chlorophyll.

What is the significance of the contractile vacuole in Amoeba?

It helps to regulate water balance.

Why do chloroplasts appear green?

Because they contain chlorophyll.

What is the process of photosynthesis primarily associated with?

Chloroplasts in plant cells.

What are the organelles where cellular respiration takes place?

Mitochondria.