LU2.2 Innate Immune Response

What are the functions of immune response?

1. Recognition of pathogen

2. Elimination of pathogen

What are the different type of immune responses?

1. Innate Immunity (Natural, non specific, non adaptive)

2. Acquired Immunity (adaptive, specific)

What are the three line of defence against infection?

1. First line of defence : skin & mucous membrane

2. Second line of defence : fever, phagocytes, inflammation

3. Third line of defence : antibodies and lymphocytes

What is innate immune response?

• involves non-specific responses to pathogens

• present before any exposure to pathogens

• effective from time of birth

• represents first line of active defense against invading pathogens

What are the components of innate immune responses?

• physical barriers

• macrophages

• neutrophils

• eosinophils

• mast cells

• NK cells

• complement

• cytokines

What are the major systems of innate immune response?

• Natural barriers

• Inflammatory responses

• Phagocytic responses

How can innate immune response be accomplished?

• It can be accomplished in 5 stages

• i) Recognition of pathogens

• ii) Recruitment and activation of immune cells and complement proteins

• iii) Elimination of pathogens and spread of infection

• iv) Resolution of infection

• v) If elimination incomplete, induction of adaptive IR occurs

How can fever aids in innate immune response?

• fever is a natural defence mechanism

• fever is caused by endogenous cytokines released by monocytes

• fever inhibits the infecting microorganisms by increasing body temperature

What are the microbial effects of fever?

• High body temperature impairs growth of pathogenic microorganisms

• In a resting condition, body energy activates phagocytic cells and lymphocytes (T-cell)

• Immune cells are stimulated at high body temperature

What is mucociliary apparatus / clearance?

• it is a major barrier against infection (second line of defense)

• it have two parts : i) mucus-producing goblet cells ii) ciliated epithelium

What is the difference of innate and adaptive immunity?

What is the difference of active & passive immunity?