Studied by 28 people
Carnac
________- where around 3, 000 megalithic structures are located, the largest number in the world.
Pits
________ were dug where stones are set upright before capping with lintels similarly like the post- and lintel construction.
Prehistoric architecture
________ predates recorded history.
Monolith
________- isolated single upright stone also known as Menhir.
Cromlech
In Brittany, ___________ refers to a circle of standing stones.
Tumuli
A _________ or "Barrows" is a dominant tomb type in prehistoric times known for its earthen mounds.
Stonehenge
________ at the Salisbury Plains of Southern England is the best and most well- known megalithic structure in the world.
Wigwam
Also known as wickiup or wetu is used by certain Native American and First Nations tribes.
Early humans
________ lived a Nomadic life gathering food as they went and went on hunting.
Innuit
The term "iglu "in ________ refers to houses not just specifically made of snow.
Cairn Carn
________- a landmark or memorial site made of pile of stones in Medieval English.
Neolithic settlement of Skara Brae
The furniture is built in (as at the much later ________ in Scotland) with brick platforms for sitting on, working on and sleeping on.
Stones
________ were transported through the sea or river.
Agriculture and domestication of animals
Food is produced by _____________________________________.
Lascaux
________ is located in the Vézère Valley where many other decorated caves have been found since the beginning of the 20th century.
Africa
Humans are believed to have migrated from ________ and spread all over the globe.
Menhirs
________ can usually be seen in a middle of a field, but there are instances that a group of Menhirs are arranged in rows parallel and would sometimes stretch out for miles.
Megalith
________- Several number of stones forming part of a prehistoric structure.
Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age (c 40000-8000 BC)
mostly nomadic hunter
∙ PALEO
"old"
∙ MESO
"middle / between"
∙ NEO
"new"
∙ LITH
"stone"
∙ MEGA
"large or great"
Materials
Animal skins, wooden frames, animal bones
Construction System
Existing or excavated caves, Megalithic structures
Decoration
Caves paintings in Africa, France and Spain
Religion
No organized religion
The dead are treated with respect
burial rituals and monuments
Lean
To
MONOLITH
isolated single upright stone also known as "Menhir"
MEGALITH
Several number of stones forming part of a prehistoric structure
3500 BCE
Architecture made of huge rocks to make megalithic structure for either religious of burial purposes
Carnac
where around 3,000 megalithic structures are located, the largest number in the world
These Megalithic structures are believed to date between 5000
1000 BCE
Cairn/Carn
a landmark or memorial site made of pile of stones in Medieval English
Dolmen vs. Cromlech
both mean a megalithic tomb with a massive flat stone laid on upright stones in Wales
The most impressive of the extant prehistoric earthworks in Europe is located just 25 miles north of Stonehenge
the Avebury Henge
And the builders of Jericho have a new technology
bricks, shaped from mud and baked hard in the sun
Most of the round houses in Jericho consist of a single room, but a few have as many as three
suggesting the arrival of the social and economic distinctions which have been a feature of all developed societies
9000 BC
Around __________, the early humans started practicing agriculture as they grow their food in fertile lands making food to be abundant.
Australopithecus afarensis
Human lineage (no. 1)
Homo habilis
Human lineage (no. 2)
Homo erectus
Human lineage (no. 3)
Homo neanderthalensis
Human lineage (no. 4)
Homo sapiens
Human lineage (no. 5)
Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age
Three Prehistoric Periods
Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic
Three Stone Ages
c 40,000-8,000 BC
Timeline of Palaeolithic Age
c 8,000-7,000 BC
Timeline of Mesolithic Age
c 7,000-2,300 BC
Timeline of Neolithic Age
Old
Etymology: Paleo
Middle/Between
Etymology: Meso
New
Etymology: Neo
Stone
Etymology: Lith
Large/Great
Etymology: Mega
Animal skins, wooden frames, animal bones
Materials used in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Architecture
Existing or excavated caves, Megalithic structures
Construction System in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Architecture
Caves paintings in Africa, France and Spain
Decoration in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Architecture
Lean To
Attached to caves with the opening on the longer side
One Room House
A multipurpose room. Usually most houses only consist of one room
Mud Hut
Houses made out of mud
3,500 BCE
When architecture made of huge rocks to make megalithic structure for either religious of burial purposes
Menhirs
Standing in an upright manner. Usually be seen in a middle of a field, but there are instances that a group of ________ are arranged in rows parallel and would sometimes stretch out for miles.
One-fifth/One-fourth
______ of a menhir's rock is buried beneath the earth
9 meters
Average height of a menhir
Dolmen
Megalithic structure which is composed of a horizontal stone slab supported by two upright ones. Leg count sometimes be more than 2 upright stones supporting it.
taol maen
Means "stone table" in Brittanny
Stonehenge
The best and most well-known megalithic structure in the world.
stān
Means stone
hencg
Means hinge
2800 to 1500 BC
Year Stonehenge was built
Solar Observatory
Believed to be the main purpose of Stonehenge
Avebury Henge
The most impressive of the extant prehistoric earthworks in Europe is located just 25 miles north of Stonehenge
Dwellings
There are no partitions and usually is just one room. As civilization developed into complex societies, this had led to the partition of the floor plans of the ancient dwellings such as Dining, Cooking, Sleeping and Socializing.
Lascaux Cave
Famous for its Palaeolithic cave paintings, it is found in a complex of caves in the Dordogne region of southwestern France.
20,000 years old
How old is the Lascaux Cave?
Tents
Made of tree barks, animal skins and plant leaves
Huts
Usually made up of reeds, brushes and wattles (e.g. beehive houses)
Beehive Hut
Also known as Cochlán in Ireland, a traditional dried stone hut shaped like a beehive with corbelled roof
Trullo
Known also as the Trulli in Southern Italy and are traditional Apulian dry stone houses with conical roof.
Lake Dwellings
Widespread in coastal areas around the world where the main livelihood is fishing.
Tepee/Teepee
A cone-shaped tent with a framework made from wooden poles traditionally covered by animal skin or rush mats. Comes from a Lakota word "thipi", meaning "they dwell".
Wigwam
Also known as wickiup or wetu is used by certain Native American and First Nations tribes.
Hogan
Traditional dwelling of Navajo people.
Igloo
Snow house or snow hut that is built up spirally mostly and associated with the Innuit or Eskimo people. Not necessarily made out of snow
Igbo house
Mostly known traditional hut in Nigeria is the _________ which is made of mud for its walls and palm leaves for its roof.
Mammoth Bone Hut
Prehistoric hut made from massive mammoth bones usually found in Ukraine.
Iraqi mudhif
Known as the traditional reed house of the Marsh Arabs known as the Madan. Found in the swamps of southern Iraq and used as a large ceremonial house.
Sumatran house
Vary from various tribes however they are usually built for several families.
Catal Hüyük
Built in c 6,500 BCE, it is one of the best preserved neolithic towns in southern Turkey, Anatolia. Rectangular houses with windows but no doors. They adjoin each other, like cells in a honeycomb, and the entrance to each is through the roof.
Khiriokitia
Built in (6500 BCE). Round tent-like house located in Cyprus
Trulli
Buildings very similar to those in Khirokitia are still lived in today in parts of southern Italy, where they are known as _______.
Jericho
Usually quoted as the earliest known town, a small settlement here evolves in about 8000 BC into a town covering 10 acres.
Bricks
And the builders of Jericho have a new technology - _______, shaped from mud and baked hard in the sun.
Note 
Flashcard (23)