statistics module one

All individuals with a popular characteristic

Population

Population

All Ohio residents are an example of

Population mean

“Mu” represents

Sample mean

“X bar” represents

Population standard deviation

“Sigma” represents

Sample standard deviation

‘S’ represents

Data obtained by measuring numerical objects or events

Measurement data

Weight of a person, speed of a car or test score

Examples of measurement data

sorting classmates by their favorite weather; sunny, rainy, cloudy, snowy

Examples of categorical data

Uses “category” to measure groups

Categorical data

The 4 scales of measurement are

Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio

Classifies information in categories

Nominal

Male vs female, political affiliation, telephone number

Examples of nominal measurement

Male=1 female=2

Example of numbering nominal measurements

Place objects, people or events in order using numbers

Ordinal

Class rank; highest average, second highest average, and lowest average,

Example of ordinal measurement

1st, 2nd, and 3rd place

Example of ordinal measurement

Characteristics of nominal and ordinal, but objects have equal differences

Interval

Fahrenheit temperature scale; 10 degree difference along the scale has same meaning

Example of interval measurement

Tape measure

Example of interval measurement

Measurement in which you may not double or multiply or divide

Interval measurements do not allow

Like interval, but has no negative numbers and a true zero start point

Ratio

Number of friends, number of calories consumed, weight

Examples of ratio measurement

where no values exist between categories

Discrete variable

You get a 6 when rolling a dice, or the amount of students you have in a class. Not a 6.5 or any other “half numbers”

Discrete variable example

Can take place anywhere on the number scale in between two values

Continuous variable

Any possible value between zero and one, or any value between 1-10

Continuous variable example

A variable controlled or manipulated by researcher in groupings

Independent variable

Amount of studying one does

Independent variable example

Being measured by change in an independent variable ( this is typically data you measure)

Dependent variable

Test scores as a result of one’s amount of studying

Dependent variable example