rebellions and revolutions (ALL)

Mongol Rebellions (13th–14th c.)

Local resistance to Mongol rule across Eurasia.

Red Turban Rebellion (1351–1368)

Chinese uprising that ended Yuan (Mongol) rule and led to the Ming Dynasty.

Pugachev Rebellion (1773–1775)

Russian peasants and Cossacks rebelled against Catherine the Great.

Shimabara Rebellion (1637–1638)

Japanese Christian peasants revolted against Tokugawa shogunate.

Maratha Revolt (17th–18th c.)

Hindu Marathas resisted Mughal rule in India.

Ndongo Resistance / Queen Nzinga (17th c.)

Central African resistance against Portuguese colonization.

Cossack Rebellions (various, 16th–18th c.)

Semi-independent warriors resisted Russian expansion.

American Revolution (1775–1783)

U.S. independence from Britain.

French Revolution (1789–1799)

Ended monarchy; Enlightenment driven.

Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)

Slave revolt that ended French rule in Haiti.

Latin American Revolutions (1810–1825)

Independence movements across Latin America.

Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864)

Religious civil war in China against Qing rule.

Sepoy Rebellion (1857)

Indian revolt against British East India Company.

Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)

Anti-foreign uprising in China.

Zulu Resistance (early 19th c.)

Shaka Zulu led militarized state against colonizers.

Balkan Nationalist Movements (19th c.)

Uprisings against Ottoman rule in the Balkans.

Russian Revolution (1917)

Overthrew tsar; led to communism in USSR.

Chinese Communist Revolution (1949)

Mao Zedong's CCP overthrew Nationalists.

Vietnamese Independence Movement (1945–1954)

Ended French colonial rule.

Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962)

Armed revolt against French rule.

Cuban Revolution (1953–1959)

Castro overthrew Batista; established communism.

Iranian Revolution (1979)

Overthrew Shah; established Islamic Republic.

Anti-Apartheid Movement (20th c.)

Resistance against racial segregation in South Africa.

Arab Spring (2010s)

Series of revolts across the Arab world demanding reform.