Rebellions under Henry VII

When was the Lambert Simnel rebellion?

Mid-February to mid-June 1487

Who did Simnel claim to be?

Edward, Earl of Warwick

What domestic support did Simnel have?

John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln - in 1486 he began to conspire against Henry VII, and was in contact with Richard Symonds, who tutored Simnel as a child

How did Henry VII respond to the Simnel threat?

Henry VII paraded the real Earl of Warwick through the streets of London

What role did Margaret of Burgundy play in the Simnel rebellion?

- She was outraged by the usurpation of her brother, Richard III and had good relations with the Yorkists

- She gave shelter to Viscount Lovell and the Earl of Lincoln

- Acknowledged Simnel as her nephew

- Raised 2000 mercenaries under the command of Martin Schwarz in April 1487

What role did Gerald Fitzgerald, the Earl of Kildare, play in the rebellion?

Accepted Simnel as the Earl of Warwick

When was Simnel crowned as Edward VI?

24th May 1487, in Dublin Cathedral

How did Henry VII react to Edward VI landing in Lancashire (4th June 1487)?

He set out with his troops

How many troops did the rebel army have?

8000

How many troops did the King have?

12,000

When was the Battle of Stoke?

16th June 1487

What were the consequences of the Simnel rebellion?

- Simnel was given a place in the royal household and later became the King's falconer

- Henry was forced to retain the Earl of Kildare as the Lord Deputy of Ireland

- Only 28 men were attainted

When was the Perkin Warbeck rebellion?

1491-1499

Who did Perkin Warbeck impersonate?

Richard, Duke of York

Where did Warbeck begin to impersonate the Duke of York?

Ireland

How did Henry respond to Warbeck's presence in Ireland?

He dispatched troops

Where did Warbeck travel to in 1492?

France - where Charles VIII received him as King

How did Henry VII respond to Warbeck in France?

Signed the Treaty of Etaples with Charles VIII

Where did Warbeck go in 1493?

The court of Margaret of Burgundy, where she tutored him in the ways of the Yorkist court

How did Henry VII remove Warbeck from Burgundy?

He imposed a trade ban

What did Warbeck promise to the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian?

That if he died, his claim to the throne would fall to Maximilian

When did Warbeck attempt to land in Deal?

July 1495

When did Warbeck flee to Scotland and what did he do to make alliances?

1495 - he married James IV's cousin, Lady Catherine Gordon

How did Henry VII respond to Warbeck's alliance with Scotland?

He signed the Truce of Ayton with James IV

Where was Warbeck arrested in 1497?

Cornwall

When was Warbeck executed?

1499

When was the Suffolk rebellion?

1499-1506

How was the Earl of Suffolk punished for the actions of his brother, John de la Pole, the Earl of Lincoln?

He was forced to pay £5,000 to inherit only some of his father's land

What crime did Suffolk commit in 1499?

He killed a man due to appear before the King's court

What happened as a result of Suffolk's crime?

- He was summoned to appear before an ordinary court and not before his peers

- He fled to Burgundy in July 1499

How did Henry VII react to Suffolk fleeing?

He issued emergency orders for the arrest of Suffolk's associates and envoys were sent to negotiate his return

When did Suffolk flee England for the second time?

In 1501, with his brother Richard de la Pole, to Burgundy, where he was supported by Maximilian.

How did Henry VII react to Suffolk's second escape?

All suspected confederates were arrested, including Sir William Courtenay (remained in the Tower until 1509), William de la Pole (stayed in the Tower for 38 years until his death) and Sir James Tyrell, Governor of Guisnes Castle in Calais, was executed

How did Henry VII try to negotiate with Maximilian?

He gave Maximilian £10,000 but he made no move to expel the de la Poles

How much money did the Habsburgs receive from the King?

£25,000 in "loans" that were never repaid

How did Henry VII respond to the Archduke of Burgundy using his insecurity about Suffolk to force trade concessions from England?

In 1505 he suspended all trade between the countries

How did the Suffolk rebellion end?

Henry VII gave Philip of Burgundy £138,000 in return for Suffolk on 16 March 1506

What happened to Suffolk?

He was paraded through the streets of London and imprisoned in the Tower but his life was spared until 1513

Why was Suffolk a threat to the throne?

He was a genuine claimant and if he had received support from Ireland or Scotland it would have been extremely dangerous for Henry VII

When was the Yorkshire rebellion?

1489

What caused the Yorkshire rebellion?

Resentment over taxation granted by Parliament to finance war in Brittany against France

Who was murdered by the Yorkshire rebels?

Earl of Northumberland, when he tried to collect tax

Who led the Yorkshire rebellion?

Sir John Egremont, a Yorkist supporter

How did Henry VII respond to the Yorkshire rebellion?

- He appointed the Earl of Surrey as his representative in the North

- The rebellion was crushed by a royal army

Why was the Earl of Surrey a secure choice as a representative in the North?

The restoration of his estates depended on his success in the region

When was the Lovell rebellion?

April 1486

What caused the Lovell Rebellion?

The unrest came from dissatisfied Yorkists who had supported Richard III

Who was involved in the Lovell rebellion?

Lord Lovell and the Stafford brothers were involved in the rebellion in the North and the Midlands

Why wasn't the Lovell rebellion a threat?

It was prevented before it could be enacted and Henry's visit to the North helped to win loyalty

Which foreign support against Henry was encountered on his progress?

There was a rebellion in Wales led by Yorkist families of the Herberts and Vaughans, but it was put down by Rhys ap Thomas

How did Henry respond to the Lovell rebellion?

He heard of the plot and sent an armed force to offer a rebels a choice of pardon and reconciliation or excommunication and death

What happened to Lovell and the Stafford brothers?

- The Stafford brothers sought sanctuary but were arrested

- Humphrey Stafford was executed

- Thomas Stafford was pardoned

- Lovell fled to Flanders and was not arrested

When was the Cornish rebellion?

1497

Why did the Cornish rebellion occur?

The Cornish people did not want to pay tax to fund a war with the northern borders with Scotland

Who did the rebels blame for the tax demands?

The councillors Morton and Bray

Where did the rebels gather?

In Bodmin in May 1497

How many rebels supported the uprising?

15,000 supporters and one noble, Lord Audley

How did Henry respond to the Cornish rebellion?

- He assembled a royal army of 25,000 which crushed the rebel army at Blackheath in June 1497

- The leaders were tortured and executed and others were heavily fined