320 Exam #1- Mental Health Nursing and Community

What strategies can counteract the negative effects of stigma in mental health?

Engaging in contact with the stigmatized group and using nonstigmatizing, person-first language.

What is the goal for the treatment of mental disorders?

To alter the person's dysfunctional appraisal of situations and perceptions of long-term consequences.

What does recovery in mental health aim to achieve?

Improvement in health and wellness, self-directed life, and striving to reach the patient's full potential.

What are the four dimensions that support recovery in mental health?

Health, Home, Purpose, and Community.

What does epidemiology in mental health study?

Patterns of how diseases and health conditions are distributed in populations and the factors influencing them.

What is the difference between prevalence and incidence in mental health?

Prevalence is the total number of cases at a specific time, while incidence refers to the rate of new cases within a time period.

How does poverty affect mental health?

It creates financial and emotional stress, worsening mental health problems and trapping families in a downward economic spiral.

What is cultural competence in mental health nursing?

The ability to improve treatment engagement and therapeutic relationships while being aware of and addressing cultural differences.

What is cultural humility?

An evolving perspective that recognizes patients as experts of their experiences and encourages self-reflection and respect.

Under what circumstances is it appropriate to breach patient confidentiality?

When there is a risk of harm to self or others, mandated reporting of abuse, or public health concerns.

What are the criteria for involuntary commitment in mental health?

The person must be mentally ill to the degree that their judgment is impaired, they are dangerous to self or others, or unable to provide for basic needs.

What is the significance of self-awareness in the nurse-client relationship?

It helps nurses understand their own biases and experiences that may affect patient care.

What role does silence play in therapeutic communication?

It allows the patient to gather thoughts and proceed at their own pace.

What constitutes positive body language in a therapeutic setting?

Sitting at eye level, maintaining a relaxed posture, leaning slightly forward, and uncrossed arms and legs.

What are the key differences between therapeutic and nontherapeutic communication techniques?

Therapeutic communication focuses on the patient and has a definite purpose, while nontherapeutic communication may include barriers like crossed arms and silence.

What are the appropriate body zones for therapeutic communication?

Intimate: 6-18 inches, Personal: 18-47 inches, Social: 47 inches-3 yards, Public: over 3 yards.

What happens during the orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship?

The nurse and patient meet, and it ends when the patient begins to discuss their problems.

What is transference in the context of mental health?

The unconscious assignment of feelings and attitudes from the patient to others based on past experiences.

What is counter-transference?

The provider's emotional reaction to the patient based on their own personal needs and conflicts.

What are the boundaries nurses must maintain in the nurse-client relationship?

Do not accept gifts, share personal information, favor patients, or keep secrets; friendships are allowed only under specific conditions.

What is the importance of using person-first language in mental health?

It reduces stigma and emphasizes the individual rather than their diagnosis.

What is the primary reason for using non-pharmacologic sleep interventions?

To avoid the side-effect risks associated with sedatives and hypnotics.

What should you do when going to bed to promote better sleep?

Go to bed only when tired or sleepy.

What is an important aspect of a bedtime routine?

Establish a consistent bedtime routine.

What types of foods and beverages should be avoided before bedtime?

Stimulating foods, beverages, or medication.

What is recommended regarding naps in the late afternoon or evening?

Avoid naps in the late afternoon or evening.

What should be limited before retiring for bed?

Fluid intake and heavy meals.

What is a recommended use of the bed to promote better sleep?

Use your bed only for sleep or intimacy.

What should be avoided to reduce emotional stimulation before bedtime?

Avoid emotional stimulation before bedtime.

What techniques can be used to promote relaxation before sleep?

Behavioral and relaxation techniques.

What is cultural brokering?

The act of bridging, linking, or mediating messages between differing cultural systems to reduce conflict.

What does the Mental Status Examination (MSE) assess?

Abstract reasoning, comprehension, attention, concentration, affect, and memory.

How can a nurse assess a patient's attention and concentration?

By asking them to subtract numbers or spell words backwards.

What is the purpose of reminiscence as a nursing intervention?

To enhance life review and support coping strategies in older patients.

What is the goal of psychoeducation in mental health?

To change knowledge and behavior related to psychiatric disorders.

What is behavior modification in the context of nursing?

A technique to reinforce desired behaviors and extinguish undesired ones.

What is moral injury?

A violation of moral beliefs that causes one to question the justness of the world.

What are the three types of moral injury experiences?

Perpetration, witnessing, and betrayal.

What are common symptoms of combat-related PTSD?

Startle reaction, hypervigilance, avoidance of memories, and nightmares.

What distinguishes combat-related trauma from non-combat-related trauma?

Combat-related trauma occurs during warfare, while non-combat-related trauma occurs outside of direct combat.

What feelings may accompany the experience of moral injury?

Feelings of guilt, betrayal, and self-blame.

What is the significance of establishing a consistent bedtime routine?

It helps signal the body that it is time to wind down and prepare for sleep.

What is the role of distractions in sleep hygiene?

Limit distractions to create a conducive environment for sleep.

What is the purpose of assessing a patient's memory in mental health evaluations?

To determine the patient's cognitive function and identify potential deficits.

What is the recommended approach for assessing long-term memory?

Ask about events from years ago and verify with family if necessary.

What was the purpose of the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601?

To guarantee assistance for poor, blind, and 'lame' individuals, providing refuge during illness.

Who established the Henry Street Settlement in New York?

Lillian Wald, along with Mary Brewster, in 1893.

What significant contribution did Mary Breckinridge make to nursing?

She established the Frontier Nursing Service in 1925, introducing nursing midwives to the U.S.

What was Florence Nightingale's impact on nursing?

She organized nursing practice and education, improving sanitation and influencing professional nursing development.

What is a windshield survey?

A community survey to identify potential environmental health risks by observing various community aspects.

What are the core competencies for public health professionals?

Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation in the affective domain.

What does the Health Belief Model explain?

It predicts health behaviors based on beliefs about susceptibility, consequences, benefits of action, and self-efficacy.

What are the stages of the Transtheoretical Model?

Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

What factors influence group support for health change?

Group cohesion, member interaction, and shared health concerns.

What are key characteristics of adult learners?

They learn best when they see the need for knowledge, find the information relevant, and respect the source.

What criteria should be used to assess the quality of health information on the internet?

Accuracy, authority, bias/objectivity, currency/timeliness, and coverage.

What is the goal of the Orientation Phase in the Nurse-Patient Relationship?

To establish trust, set boundaries, and identify patient needs while preparing for termination.

What occurs during the Working Phase of the Nurse-Patient Relationship?

The patient actively works toward goals, trusts the nurse, and explores emotions and thought patterns.

What is the focus of the Termination Phase in nursing care?

To end the relationship healthily, reinforce progress, and transition care.

What is transference in the context of nursing?

When a patient unconsciously transfers feelings about someone else onto the nurse.

What is countertransference?

When a nurse projects personal feelings onto the patient, which must be managed to maintain professionalism.

What is denial as a defense mechanism?

Refusing to accept reality.

What does projection mean in psychological terms?

Attributing one's own feelings onto others.

What is displacement in the context of defense mechanisms?

Redirecting emotions to a safer target.

What does regression refer to in psychological defense mechanisms?

Reverting to an earlier developmental stage.

What is sublimation as a defense mechanism?

Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

What is the significance of community motivation in addressing health problems?

It is crucial for resolving community issues and enhancing awareness of health problems.

What is the role of the nurse in the community nursing process?

To analyze health problems, establish priorities, set goals, and plan interventions.

What is the importance of preparing for termination in the nurse-patient relationship?

It helps the patient cope with feelings of loss and reinforces trust in future relationships.

What are the key elements of group dynamics in health change?

Member interaction, group purpose, norms, and role structure.

What is the impact of social or emotional isolation on health behavior?

It can limit access to supportive groups for health changes.