(PRELIMS) ZOOLOGY LAB

MICROSCOPE

Opctical, scientific, instrument capable of magnifying or enlargig the size of an object

MECHANICAL PARTS

Refers to the parts of microscopr that serves as the framework of the microscope

ARM

Use to carry the microscope

BASE

Supports the microscope

BODY TUBE

The connection between the occular lens and objective

COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

Used to focus the object under LPO

DRAW TUBE

Where the eyepiece or ocular lens is inserted

Fine adjustment knob

Used to focus the objext under HPO

Low power objective (10X)

What is LPO and it's magnification?

High power objective (40x-45x)

What is HPO and it's magnification?

Oil immersion Objective (100x)

What is OIO and it’s magnification?

inclination joint

Used to tilt the microscope

Iris diaphragm

It regulates the ammount of light entering the microscope

Pillar

Connection between the base and the rest of the microscope

Stage

It is where the slide and specimen is placed

Stage clip

Used to hold the slide in place

illuminating/optical parts

Procudes the light entering the microscope

Abbe condenser

Substage lens that concentrates the light that passes through the object

MIRROR

Collects the light towards the object

Plane mirror

Mirror used with natural light

Concave mirror

Used with artificial or dim light

Objective lens

Refers to the LPO, HPO and OIO

Eyepiece/ocular lens

Part where the object is viewed.

5x-10x

How much does eyepiece magnifies?

Cells

Basic unit of life

Plasma membrane

Double structure, Thin film surrounding the cell

Plasma membrane

Capable of lowering the rate of penetration of molecules

Plasma membrane

Site of enzyme activity

Plasma membrane

Regulates and transports molecule in and out of the cell

Plasmodesma/ta

Small channels that connects the cytoplasm od other plant to each other

Plasmodesma/ta

Living bridges between cells

Microvilli

Narrow navigations or finger-like projectuons distributed

Basal body

Ciliq terminate in transverse plate called

Pinocytic vesicle

Narrow nagivagations for the ingestion of dissolve substances are called

Basal membrane

Formed by connective tissue and amorphous ground substances

Cytoplasm

Thick fluid that contains organic compounds (80%) water

Cytoplasm

Suspends organelles & other substances and site of chemical reactions

Mitochondria

The kreb’s cycle is carried here

Mitochondria

Double membrane, the center of cellular respiration where the foods are oxidized

LYSOSOME

Spherical bodies containing a number of digestive enzymesp

Centrioles

Cylinders that help organize microtubules and manage cell division

Golgi complex

Packaging, shipping, Storage and alterationn of substances synthesize

Endoplasmic reticulum

Processes and transports compound for use in in & out of the cell

Rough ER

Site of protein synthesis

Smooth ER

Reproductiin of lipids and hormones

Nucleus

The control center of the cell and stores DNA

Nuclear membrane

Outline of the nucleus

Nucleoplasm

Fills the nuclear space

Chromatin

Representing the parts of the chromosomes and attached to nucleolus

Nucleolus

Where ribosomes are produced

Spherical

Nucleoli are numerous and centrally located.

Spherical

Cells that can be foun in egg cells or ova of frogs

Stellate

Motor cells that is star-shaped or triangluar

Cell shape that is essential for conductuon impuses that can be found in spinal cord

Squamous

Flattened hexagonal cells in the outer layer of the skin for protection that are like the tiles of pavement

Columnar

Cam be found in the inner lining of small intestine and the nucleus is oval

Columnar

Cell shape that is responsible for absorption

Pyramidal

Found at the tip of the loops of the inner lining of the small intestine. Similar shape to isosceles trianglep

Pyramidal

Cell that is used for Secretion

Fusiform

Can be found in muscular layer of small intestine or stomach and are spindle-shaped

Fusiform

Cell shape that is Responsible for peristalsis

Cubodial

Found in tubules of kidney and is used in excretion

Polygonal

Cell shape Found in liver that is responsible for secretion of bile

AMORPHOUS

Irregular cell shape that is found in wbc of frog’s and responsible for fighting bacteria and infection

Oval

Cells shape of RBC with prominent nuclei and carries haemoglobin and oxygen

interphase

Phase which manufactures protoplasm for cell growth and synthesize proteins for the next phase

Interphase

Phase where nucleus is encoosed by a nuclear membrane and contains chromatin that forms one or more nucleoli

Interphase

Phase where the centriole with radiating astral rays are clear

Intact

Event of nuclear membrane in interphase

Visible and darkly stained

Event of nucleoli in interphase

Randomly coiled and invisible

Event of chromatid and centromere

Visible and not formed

Event of centromese and spindle fibers in interphase

Prophase

Chromosomes becomed distinct as long thin threads which gradually thicken

Prophase

Phase where chromatids are joined by centromere

Prometaphase

Phase wherenuclear envelope breaks down and spindle microtubules attach to the chromosomes

Early prophase

Phase where the nuclear membrane is disintegrating

Prometaphase

Stage where the nuclear membrane and nucleus aredisintegrated

Disintegrating/ed and dispersed

Event of nuclear membrane and nucleoli in prophase

Condensed and visible as dots

Event of chromatid/chromosomes and centromere in prophase

From spindel fibers, migrate towards the poled and being formed

Event of centrioles and spindle fiber in prophase

Metaphase

Nuclear membrance disappeared and the chromosomes are grouped along the equatorial plane

Metaphase

Shortest phase in mitosis

Metaphase

Dissolution of nuclear membrane and the appearance of astral rays

Disintegrated and invisible

Event of nuclear membrane and nucleoli in metaphase

Aligned along equitorial plate and bisible as dots

Event of chromatid/chromosome and centromere in metaphase

Remain at poles and attached to centromeres

Event of centrioles and spindle fibers in metaphase

Anaphase

Centromeres split and daughter chromatids begin to migrate toward the opposite poles

Anaphase

The spindle fiber connecting the centromere with the centriole is a conractile protein and contraction pulls the chromatid

Disintegrated and invisible

Event of nuclear membrane and nucleoli in anaphase

Split at centromeres, migrating toward poles and split

Event of chromatid/chromosome and centromere in anaphase

Remain at poles and visible between centrioles

Event of centrioles and spindle fibers in anaphase

Telophase

Chromatids reach their polar destination and became less distinct and the spindle fades

Telophase

This stage is accompanies by cytokinesis

Telophase

Appearance of cleavage furrow

Reforming and invisible

Event of nuclear membrane and nucleoli in telophase

Aggregating at poles, invisible and invisible

Event of chromatid/chromosome and centromere in telophase

Start replication and disappear

Event of centrioles and spindle fibers in Telophase

Two daughter cells

Cytoplasmic separation is achieved

Epithelial tissue

Type of tissue involved with absorption and protection