LAST FRICKING EXAM

Modification of existing mental patterns to fit new demands. Eg. when child is corrected, they accommodate by creating a new concept "this is a zebra, not a horse"

Jean Piaget: Define assimilation

Refers to using existing mental patterns in new situations.

Eg. child recognizing an animal they have seen on TV

Jean Piaget: What are the 4 stages of cognitive development?

1. sensory-motor stage

2. pre-operational stage

3. concrete operational stage

4. formal operational stage

Jean Piaget: Define sensory-motor stage

• learning causality in simple procedures

• learn object permanence

Jean Piaget: Define preoperational stage

• transformations are difficult (manipulating images in their mind)

• intuitive thought (though that uses little/no use of reasoning/logic)

• egocentric thinking (can’t think of others viewpoints)

Jean Piaget: Define concrete operational stage

• can reverse thoughts and numbers

• understand conversion

• begin to use time/space/numbers

• can think about concrete objects, situations, categories, principles

Jean Piaget: Define formal operational stage

• begins to break away from concrete thinking

• abstract thinking

• less egocentric

• thinking becomes concrete with unfamiliar concepts

Define attachment theory

The bond between infants and their primary caregivers.

Based on evolutionary need for survival and emotional conneciton.

Define secure-attachment

• child plays comfortably with primary caregiver

• visibly upset when primary caregiver leaves

• calmed by primary caregiver’s return; child continues to be playful

Define anxious-ambivalent attachment

• children display some anxious behaviour when primary caregiver is nearby

• extremely upset when primary caregiver leaves

• upon caregiver return, child not comforted

Define avoidant attachment

• child has little contact with primary caregiver when nearby

• not distressed upon caregiver leaving

• upon caregiver return, child can maintain proximity but not close contact

Define disorganized-disoriented attachment

• no consistent pattern

• when caregiver returns, child seems confused on whether or not to approach

Define child abuse

Actions that cause harm to child’s wellbeing:

• physical

• sexual

• emotional

• neglect

Common to be >1

Describe child physical abuse

A. deliberate physical assault which causes physical harm to child

B. physical harm may happen as punishment; even if not intended

Describe child sexual abuse

• touching or invitation to touching

• sexual references

• requests for exposure

• deliberate exposure of content to chld

Describe child emotional abuse

• rejecting

• critisizing

• insulting

• humiliating

• isolating

• terrorizing

• not responding emotionally

Describe child neglect

• failure to provide for basic needs

• act of omission — failure to provide food, shelter, healthcare, etc.

What are the indicators to suspected chlid abuse/neglect?

Disclosures and indicators.

Describe the duty to report child abuse

Legal obligation to report abuse. It is not up to you to determine if the abuse occured; you do not need to be certain.

How is child abuse reported?

Ministy of Child and Family services.

Describe duty of confidentiality vs. duty to report child abuse

Duty to report child abuse overrides your duty to maintain patient confidentiality.

Describe the DSM-5

Standard classificaiton system used by mental health practitioners.

Lists mental disorders and symptoms to be diagnosed with the disorder.

Define trigger

A stimulus that elicits a negative reaction - a person, place, thing, smell, situation

Triggers bring on or worsen a negative reaction.

Define anxiety

• emotions with intense feelings of worry

• panic in general or towards an anticipated event

• can be sudden onset triggered by previous experience

Define generalized anxiety disorder

• where person is continually tense/aprehensive

• worry is continuous

• free-floating anxiety

Define social anxiety

• intense fear of social situations (convos, eating, being with others)

• fear is disproportionate to the situation

Define panic disorder

• intense anxiety can escalate to panic attacks

• last few minutes

• intense dread. terror, chest pain, choking, frightening sensations

• worry over next panic attack

Define phobias

Persistent irrational fear and avoidance of specific object/activity/situaiton.

• excessive

• persistent

• irrational

Describe the medical model to psychological disorders

Psychological disorders can be diagnosed, treated, and cured through treatment in a hospital.

Describe the biopsychosocial approach to psychological disorders

How biological, psychological, social-cultural influences interact and produce psychological disorders.

Describe OCD

Uncontrollable recurring thoughts, behaviours, or BOTH.

• obsession

• distress

• compulsion

• relief

Describe PTSD

A mental health condition caused by an extremely stressful or terifying event.

• flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, uncontrollable thoughts about the event

Describe concurrent mental health disorders

Experience mental health and substance use disorder at the same time, but are independent of e/o

Describe major depressive disorder

Intense feelings of sadness, loneliness, worthlessness, loss of joy.

• serotonin

• norepinephrine

• dopamine

Describe high/low functioning depressioning

high = you can’t tell the person is depressed from the outside

low = the person cannot function in day-to-day life

Describe bipolar disorder

A disorder where person alternates between hopelessness/depression and overexcited/mania.

Describe NSSI

Find relief from intense negative thoughts through distraction of pain.

• attract attention and cry for help

• relieve guilt through self punishment

• get others to change behaviour

Describe DID

Rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.

Describe anti social personality disorder

A personality disorder where a person exhibits lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends/family.

Mainly in males, can be in females.

Describe anorexia nervosa

Person maintains a starvation diet despite being so significantly underweight.

Describe bulimia nervosa

Person alternates between binge eating WITH purging (vomiting or laxatives)

Fasting or excessive excersize.

Describe binge eating disorder

Significant binge eating, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt WITHOUT purging, fasting, excessive exercise.

What are the 4 principles of bioethics?

1. autonomy - pt is decision maker of own care

2. beneficience - do good

3. non-maleficence - do no harm

4. justice - medical resources fairly allocated

Describe reporting for adult abuse

No mandatory reporting requirements.

You need consent from patient to report to your supervisor and to document.

Conflict management: Describe competing (win-lose)

Competition can breed agression.

Direct — criticism or demand directed to person

Passive aggression — indirect expression of aggression

Conflict management: Define avoiding (lose-lose)

• occurs when people stay away form conflict

• physical/conversational distance

• learned thru childhood?

  • good/bad

Conflict management: Define accomodating (lose-win)

• give in to others rather than asserting your own point

• when a habit; less appreciated

• cultural impact — high context and collectivist culture

Conflict management: Define comprimising (partial lose-lose)

Goves both ppl some of what they want. When parital satisfaction is best solution.

Conflict management: Defiine collaborating (win-win)

Demonstrates high concern for oneself and others.

Relational conflict: Define complementary style

Both parties use different sstyles in approaching a conflict but mutually reinforcing behavious

Relational conflict: Define symmetrical style

Both parties use the exact same tactics when approaching a conflict

Relational conflict: Define parallel style

Both parties approaches vary with each conflict they are dealing with in their relationship

Define functional conflict

Conflict that focuses on issues rather than personalities

Define dysfunctional conflict

Conflict that creates animosity, causes interpersonal stress, hinders progress

Describe primary emotions

Basic emotions: anger, fear, happy, sad

Describe mixed emotions

When you are feeling two or more conflicting emotions about a scenario

Define emotional intelligence

The ability to understand and manage ones own emootions and be sensitive to others feelings. Linked to self esteem.

What are the 5 factors of emotional intelligence?

• self awareness

• self regulation

• motivation

• people skills

• empathy

Increase empathy: cognitive empathy

Think: imagine ourselves in a situation and how it is like.

Increase empathy: emotive empathy

We feel with them. Not above/below.

Increase empathy: empathic action

Not doing. Not offering solution, perspective, diversion, unless asked.