marine biology: worms and echinoderms

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30 Terms

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flatworms

Platyhelminthes

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Ribbon worms

nemertea

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Roundworms

nematoda

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Arrow worms

Chaetognatha

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Segmented worms

annelida

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Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

  • dorsoventrally flattened

  • bilateral symmetry

  • simplest to organ systems

  • basic brain and central nervous system

  • incomplete GI tract no anus

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turbellarians

  • type of flatworm

  • free living carnivores

  • <10 cm long

  • colorful

  • penis fencing

  • hermaphrodites or cloning

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Flukes

  • type of flatworm

  • trematodes

  • ~12000 species

  • parasitic

  • adults always live in vertebrate

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tape worms

  • type of flatworm

  • cestodes

  • common intestinal parasite

  • hook on host gut and absorbs nutrients

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Nemertea or ribbon worms

  • major phylum of worms

  • dorsoventrally flattened up to 30 m long

  • bilateral symmetry

  • Complete Gi tract

  • true body cavity and circulatory system

  • proboscis to capture worms and crustaceans

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nematoda round worms

  • major phyla of worms

  • circular cross section

  • over 60k species

  • benthic

  • bilateral symmetry

  • complete GI tract and nervous system

  • hydrostatic skeleton

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Chaetognatha or arrow worms

  • smallest phyla of worms

  • bilateral

  • Complete GI tract and nervous system

  • streamlined body with fish like fins and tail

  • allows rapid ambush strategy

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Annelida or segmented worms

  • bilateral

  • complete Gi, nervous, and circulatory

  • internal and external segmentation

  • coelom

  • hydrostatic skeleton of longitudinal and circular muscles

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Annelida- polychaetes

  • vast majority of marine annelids

  • parapodia

  • benthic free living or in tubes

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hermaphrodites

organism with both male and female reproductive organs

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scoleces

the anterior end of a tapeworm, bearing suckers and hooks for attachment

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Proboscis

tubular sucking organ

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Hydrostatic skeleton

helps move by forcing fluid against muscles lining the body wall

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Coelom

body cavity lined with tissue developed from mesoderm

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parapodia

flattened extensions off each segment with stiff bristles or gills

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echinoderms

  • 5 way symmetry (pentamorous)

    water vascular system with tube feet

  • spiny skinned

  • Complete GI tract with separate mouth and anus

  • endoskeleton covered with ciliated tissue

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echinoderms

what are sea stars, brittle stars and crinoids classified as?

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Sea stars

  • type of echinoderm

  • class asteroidea

  • central disk with multiples of 5s arms

  • distributed internal organs

  • CaCO3 plates embedded in skin

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Brittle Stars

  • type of echinoderm

  • class ophiurodea

  • central disk wit thin arms

  • organs concentrated in central disk

  • incomplete GI tract

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Cinoids

  • type of echinoderm

  • Class crinoidea

  • 5+ arms for suspension feeding

  • feather stars- crawl along shallow reefs

  • sea lilies: attached in deep oceans

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Sea urchins and sand dollars

  • conspicuous, movable spines

  • CaCO3 plates fused into solid test

  • mouth on bottom anus on top

  • Aristotle’s lantern

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Aristostle’s lantern

mouth of a sea urchin

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Sea cucumber

  • type of echinoderm

  • class holothuroidea

  • mouth and anus at opposite ends

  • 5 rows of tube feet

  • skin embedded with CaCO3 spicules

  • Evisceration

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Evisceration

expel external organs when disturbed