ZEUS Flashcards Exam #2

Zeus’s Parents?

Kronos & Rhea

Zeus’s Spouse?

Hera

What Are His Functions?

Storm god, King of gods, Guardian of state & justice

Sanctuaries?

• Olympia

• Dodona

• Nemea

• Mt. Lykaion

Animal?

Eagle 

Attributes?

• Thunderbolts

• Scepter

• Throne

Roman Names?

• Jupiter

• Jove

Epithets?

• Olympian

• Father

• Savior (Soter)

• Cloud-gathering

• Thundering

Myths?

• Io

• Semele

• Ganymede

• Europa

• birth (Hesiod)

Story of Ganymede? (Ovid)

Zeus turns into an eagle and snatches the “Shepard boy” Ganymede away to become his wine-pourer in Olympus.

Orientalizing 700-600 BCE

Hammered into a bronze shield, image of Zeus resembles Assyrian art in almond shape eyes, frontal face atop a profile body, and trapezoidal ringlet beard. Since Assyria was east of Greece this style was known as ___

Archaic 600-480 BCE

Vase rendered in “black figure” style (The painted figures are in black). Zeus with his beard sits on a throne inside a palace represented by a single column. In his left he holds thunderbolts, in his right his scepter.

Classical 480-400 BCE

Full standing portrayal of Zeus demonstrates the “red figure” (background is painted black around the image which is left in the natural orange color of the clay. The pose is relaxed. 

Classical 480-400 BCE

This red figure vase of Zeus is barely clothed, and he is pursuing the Trojan prince Ganymede who is his lover.

Fourth Century 400-323 BCE

____ Greek vases become crowded, excessive, two-tiered and polychromatic (decorated in several colors). In the building on the upper tier, Zeus, with his scepter, sits on the left.

Hellenistic 323-146 BCE

Sponsored by powerful kings made wealthy by a flourishing trans-Mediterranean commerce, ____ art is often colossal, dramatic, and impressive.

Roman 146 BCE - 330 CE

This ____ statue of Zeus portrays the god in a typical (for this style) S-shaped pose with his hips swerving to his right, his right leg standing firm and leading the other leg, and his left foot raised slightly onto the balls of the foot.

Roman 146 BCE - 330 CE

This bust of Jupiter demonstrates syncretism (assimilating the god from one area of the empire with a god from another area. Here, Jupiter Ammon bears horns of the god Ammon worshipped in Egypt, Libya and Syria.

Medieval 300-1400 CE

Because this time in Europe was thoroughly Christian, Jupiter was reduced from immortal status to that of a great man of the ancient, pre-Jesus past. Here Jupiter is portrayed as a monk.

Medieval 300-1400 CE

Iconography of Jupiter goes through this era despite Christian dominance because of the pervasive influence of astrology. Jupiter is seen still with his eagle, scepter and thunderbolts.

Renaissance 1400-1600 CE

____ artists incorporated classical imagery. The art of Correggio depicts Jupiter’s abduction of Ganymede as it is told in Ovid.

Renaissance 1400-1600 CE

Michelangelo models the heavenly creator of the Old Testament after Zeus.

Baroque 1600-1750 CE

American gold and silver and extensive transoceanic trade made in the ___ era quite prosperous, so artists were often patronized by wealthy aristocrats and royalty hoping to glorify themselves and their kingdoms with artistic classical imagery.

Neoclassical 1750-1850 CE

_____ art attempts to look similar to ancient art by imitating the texture of marble, in favor of clean lines, and employing mythological subjects.

Neoclassical 1750-1850 CE

Statue of George Washington is modeled after Phidias famed cult statue of Zeus from the Zeus temple at Olympia.

Modern 1900-? CE

____ art is eclectic and difficult to categorize because of its inventiveness and creativity being more important than maintaining centuries-old traditions.

Io Myth (Ovid)

A river nymph that Jupiter raped and then transformed into a cow to hide her away from Hera/Juno. Hera asked for the cow as a gift, and so Zeus would not seem suspicious he gave her to Hera. Hera had Argus guard the cow. However Zeus felt terrible for the nymphs fate and sent Hermes aka Mercury to slay him. The cow was then turned back into a nymph and had a son named Epaphus (father being Jupiter). 

Semele Myth (Ovid)

A mortal woman pregnant with Jupiters baby is tricked by Hera to make Zeus promise that he will make love to her as he makes love to Juno (Hera). She dies from this and turns into ash. 

Europa Myth (Ovid)