Patho exam 2, ch.13 practice

Which of the following statements accurately describe(s) emphysema?

1. It is characterized by alveolar wall destruction.

2. It is most closely associated with cystic fibrosis.

3. It is reversible and preventable.

4. It is characterized by thick secretions and mucus plugging.

1 only

According to the GOLD report, which of the following is the greatest worldwide risk factor for COPD?

a. Exposure to fungal spores in the soil

b. Genetic predisposition

c. Exposure to influenza viruses

d. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

d. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke

A genetically linked cause of panlobular emphysema is:

a. bronchiectasis.

b. α1-antitrypsin deficiency.

c. cystic fibrosis.

d. bronchial asthma.

b. α1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Emphysema may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:

A. inhaling asbestos fibers.

B. α1-antitrypsin deficiency.

C. secondhand cigarette smoke.

D. air pollution.

A. inhaling asbestos fibers.

The genetic reference to a person with a normal level of α1-antitrypsin is _____ phenotype.

a. Z

b. MZ

c. MM

d. ZZ

MM

c. MM

Which of the following are anatomic alterations found with chronic bronchitis?

1. Increased size of submucosal bronchial glands

2. Destruction of pulmonary capillaries

3. Chronic bronchial wall inflammation and thickening

4. Bronchospasm

1, 3, 4

Which of the following are pathologic alterations found with emphysema?

1. Air trapping and hyperinflation

2. Mucus plugs

3. Decreased surface area for gas exchange

4. Weakened respiratory bronchioles

1, 3, 4

The management of COPD may include:

1. annual influenza immunization.

2. bronchopulmonary hygiene procedures.

3. bronchodilators.

4. smoking cessation.

1, 2, 3, 4

Which of the following terms is (are) commonly applied to a patient with emphysema?

1. Pink puffer

2. Blue bloater

3. Type A COPD

4. Type B COPD

1, 3

Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with late-stage chronic bronchitis?

1. Rhonchi

2. Cor pulmonale

3. Digital clubbing

4. Stocky, overweight build

1, 2, 3, 4

Which of the following clinical manifestations would be expected in a patient with emphysema?

1. Polycythemia

2. Barrel chest

3. Pursed-lip breathing

4. Normal percussion note

2, 3

Which of the following is true of the diffusing capacity test (DLCO) findings in a patient with COPD?

A. Normal in all cases

B. Decreased in emphysema

C. Decreased in chronic bronchitis

D. Increased in all cases

Decreased in emphysema

Which of the following are clinical findings associated with chronic bronchitis?

1. Cyanosis

2. Purulent sputum

3. Right heart failure

4. Elevated CO2 level

1, 2, 3, 4

According to GOLD, at what age can the initial diagnosis of COPD be made?

a. 35 years

b. 40 years

c. 45 years

d. 50 years

b. 40 years

Which of the following are used to confirm the diagnosis of COPD?

1. Presence of a chronic cough

2. Chronic exposure to environmental smoke

3. FEV1/FVC ratio greater than 0.70

4. FEV1

1, 2, 3

What is the term for the inward movement of the lateral chest wall during inspiration?

a. Truman's sign

b. Burton's sign

c. Carr's sign

d. Hoover's sign

d. Hoover's sign

In the United States, the primary factor leading to the development of COPD is:

a. α1-antitrypsin deficiency.

b. recurrent respiratory infections.

c. socioeconomic status.

d. tobacco smoking.

d. tobacco smoking.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with emphysema?

1. It is the weakening and permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles.

2. It is most closely associated with cystic fibrosis.

3. The distal airways tend to collapse during expiration in response to increased intrapleural pressure.

4. It is characterized by thick secretions and mucus plugging.

a. 2, 4

b. 3, 4

c. 1, 3

d. 1, 2, 4

c. 1, 3

Which of the following are clinical findings associated with chronic bronchitis?

1. Fever

2. Purulent sputum

3. Right heart failure

4. Elevated CO2 level

2, 3, 4

The management of COPD may include:

1. bi-annual influenza immunization. ***NOTE it says Bi-annual***

2. bronchopulmonary hygiene procedures.

3. bronchodilators.

4. smoking cessation.

2, 3, 4

The primary goals of COPD assessment should:

1. Include the establishment of the degree of air flow limitation.

2. Determine the impact of COPD on the patient's health.

3. Ascertain the risk for future events (e.g., exacerbations or hospital admissions.)

1, 2, 3

Emphysema may be caused by which of the following?

1. inhaling asbestos fibers.

2 α1-antitrypsin deficiency.

3. secondhand cigarette smoke.

4. air pollution.

2, 3, 4

Which of the following are used to confirm the diagnosis of COPD?

1. Presence of a chronic cough

2. Chronic exposure to environmental smoke

3. FEV1 < 80%

4. FEV1/FVC ratio greater than 0.70 less than 0.70% post bronchodilator

1, 2, 4

Nonpharmacologic treatment of COPD includes which of the following?

a. Limiting physical activity

b. Avoidance of pneumococcal vaccine as it can trigger exacerbations

c. Interventional bronchoscopy and surgery

d. Administration of long-acting antimuscarinic antagonist

c. Interventional bronchoscopy and surgery