2024 Human Eye Notes

The relationship between the eyes, central nervous system, and effectors involves three main functions: sensory input, __________, and motor output.

integration

The light-detecting cells in the retina of the eye are called __________ and __________.

rods and cones

The __________ is the hole in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

pupil

The __________ focuses light rays onto the retina by changing shape.

lens

Rods are concerned with __________ vision in dim light, while cones are concerned with __________ vision.

night; color

The tough white outer layer of the eyeball that protects it against mechanical injury is called the __________.

sclera

The __________ controls the size of the pupil and consists of two involuntary muscles: circular and radial muscles.

iris

The __________ contains photoreceptors that detect stimuli and is the innermost layer of the eyeball.

retina

The __________ is a jelly-like substance that supports the lens and keeps the eyeball firm.

vitreous humour

The __________ reflex occurs in response to bright and dim light by adjusting the size of the pupil.

pupil

Rods are more sensitive to light and enable us to see at night, but only in __________ and __________.

black; white

The __________ contains three types of cones responsible for color vision: red, green, and blue.

fovea

An image focused on the retina is __________, __________, and __________ compared to the actual object being observed.

upside down; back to front; smaller

When viewing a distant object, the ciliary muscles __________, causing the lens to become __________.

relax; thinner

The __________ tells the brain what is seen based on nerve impulses transmitted from the photoreceptors.

optic nerve

The __________ maintains the shape of the anterior chamber of the eyeball and refracts light.

aqueous humour