1776-BCE IDs

timeframe of the requirement and encomienda system

early 1500s

definition of requirement and encomienda system

requirement: spanish policy that obligated colonizers to attempt to convert natives before harming them

encomienda system: king has total ownership over all natives in the americas and can grant power to colonists

impact of the requirement and encomienda system

led to/excused genocides, later on would provoke the Valladolid debate which led to religeous changes and questionings

timeframe: Bartolome de las Casas & Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Valladolid debate took place in 1550

definition of Bartolome de las Casas & Juan Gines de Sepulveda

bartolome de las casas: spanish priest against genocide, aimed to peacefully convert natives to catholiscism, early explorer and first written historian of americas, wrote “history of the new world”

Juan Gines de Sepulveda: argued that natives weren’t human in response to debates about how the new world fits into christianity

impact of Bartolome de las Casas & Juan Gines de Sepulveda

spaniards who had never been exposed to the new world were convinced by sepulveda but the debate had no true winner, spanish conquest continues post-1550 but is less violent, enslavement/indentured servitude replaces total genocides, requirement no longer practiced, conversion attempts in SA, new sects of christianity, the reformation (protestant vs catholic)

timeframe: virginia company and tobacco

early 1600s

definition: virginia company and tobacco

tobacco required a lot of land, as soil quality depleted colonists pushed west into native territory

john rolfe figures out tobacco

tobacco required a lot of labor, 1619, dutch ship arrives with 20 enslaved Africans (first recorded enslavement in NA), not true slavery until 30ish year later tho

impact: virginia company and tobacco

tobacco gave us economic sucess but led to violence against natives and enslavement of africans

timeframe: salutary neglect

starting in the 1650s

definition: salutary neglect

navigation acts of 1651 were passed but not enforced, they were enforced post french-indian war to raise funds

impact: salutary neglect

colonists were upset because they had grown accustomed to not having to follow the laws

timeframe: zenger case

1730s

definition: zenger case

zenger claimed english governor of ny was corrupt, tried for libel, found not guilty by jury nullification

impact: zenger case

first amendment, free specch/freedom of press

time frame: great awakening

1730s and 1740s

definition: great awakening

reaction to the enlightenment, religious emphasis, sinners in the hands of an angry god was influential, churches compete for conversions

impact: great awakening

bible→literacy→college→edu. , higher value on religeon, ministers made in colleges, great awakening was the first mass movement of americans as one people