geography UK section B

how did the UK economy change in 1841?

decline in primary sector, increase in manufacturing

how did the uks economy change in 1900s

decline in manufacturing, increase in service sector

give 3 benefits of globalisation on the uk

migration filled jobs, more importing of goods, foreign investment

give one negative of globalisation on the uk

increasing pay gap

how did state run industries change the UK?

nationalised essential industries to safeguard jobs but led to high unemployment, factory closure and social unrest

how did privatisation change the uk economy?

many traditional industries declined leading to job losses. urban regeneration

how has the uk economy been rebalanced?

support for small businesses, infrastructure development and creation of skilled jobs

how did deindustrialization change number of coal mines in uk in 1900s?

from 3000 to 30

what was deindustrialisation caused by?

mechanisation and cheap imports

what did deindustrialisation in north east england lead to?

negative multiplier effect, job losses and businesses closed

how did the uk government respond to deindustrialisation? (3)

investing in infrastructure, encouraging foreign investment and supporting businesses

what are some benefits of the development of IT in the Uk? (4)

1.3 million jobs, home working and self employment, investment and easy access of information

how does industry negatively effect physical environment? (4)

negative impact of aesthetics, soil degradation, air pollution from transportation and contamination from landfill

how can we reduce negative impact on environment from industry? (3)

fines for pollution incidents, protecting ecosystems and using technology to reduce emissions from power stations

what are companies expected to do after quarrying?

restore or improve environment

how much does Torr Quarry contribute to economy each year?

£15 million

what proportion of outputs from torr quarry transported by rail?

1/4

how is torr quarry being made to look natural?

planted with grass and trees

how much of the uks population live in rural areas?

19%

why are urban areas population growing more?

natural increase and immigration

what is a greenbelt?

area of green around city where development limited

what is a negative effect of counter urbanisation?

increase in house prices forces out locals

give 3 benefits of population growth in rural

higher demand for goods and services gives future for shops

provides balance to migration

provides jobs

give 4 problems with population growth in rural areas

increase in average age

public transport services may be reduced

sale of agricultural land can lead to unemployment

shops may close as commuters use big supermarkets

where is the outer hebrides?

north west scotland

how much decline in population has there been in outer hebrides and why

50% as young people move away to find work

give 3 negative impacts of population decline on outer hebrides

school closures

ageing population requires more care

reliance on tourism with infrastructure that cannot cope

what gaps are there in the north-south divide? (5)

incomes, employment, house prices, education and life expectancy

where does the north-south divide stem from?

deindustrialisation after industrial revolution

give 4 ways north south divide being lessened

improved transport links, diversifying the economy, encouraging business locations and targeted economic policies

what ties does the uk have with the EU? (3)

tarriff free trade, rules on travel and business and cooperation on energy and security

what ties does the UK have with the commonwealth? (3)

trade and investment, cultural exchange and political cooperation