Chapter 8-11

household economy

surplus

barter

produced enough food, livestock, clothing

to sell

exchange

1st stage of market ecomony

market economy most needed were

national road

produced boom and bust cycle

internal improvements to improve flow goods

cumberland road quickened settlement of west and emergence of truly national market economy by reducing transportation

1821 turnpikes

steamboat

erie canal

water transportation, 4,000 miles

1807 wood fired, st.lious missouri and new orleans

1825, new york connected great lakes and midwest to hudson river and NY city; a river of gold

Thanks to the canal

engineering truimph

railroad

backwards village of chicago developed into city b/c of commercial connection

german and irish biult it, isolated deep south

demand for iron, bridges, fireght cars, largest corporation

clipper ship

pony express company

telegraph system

rainbow, speed, supersonic jetliner

mail, lasted 18 months

samuel F.B. Morse (portait painter) 1844

mass production

industrial revolution

charles goodyear

new tech for products

steam engine (important development in history)

rubber

elias howe

eli whitney

white gold

sewing machine, improved by isaac singer

1790 cotton gin, transformed AG, slavery, politics

cotton popular, expand slavery

vermonter john deere’s

cyrus hall mccormick

tariff of 1816

steel plow, great plains

reaper, transformed commercial activity

tax on cloth

maltham, massachusetts

boston associates

lowell system

factory system emerged

1st textile mill

develop ideal industrial communities

women

lowell girls

atlantic seaports

1st factory workers

work while providing education got replaced by irish (40%)

NY, phily, boston

immigration

potatoe famine

irish

1845-1854, ireland and germany

fungus destroyed

roman catholics, half population in boston and NY, roman catholic church (largest religious domination)

new things they created

german

nativists

social drinking, boxing, theatres, cockfighting, dogfighting

craftsman

people, born in US resented immigrants

the order of star spangled banner

teachers

economic nationalism

american party, know-nothings

men, careers are self-taught, engineering (largest corporation for men), nursing and teaching for women

promoted by feds hamilton and washington

second bank of US (BUS)

tariff 1816

chief justice john marshall

madison

20-25% tax on imported goods

strengthened constitutional powers

dartmouth college v, woodward

mcculloch v. maryland

gibbons v. ogden

put corportations beyond reach of states that charted them

BUS. states couldn’t tax national bank

fed gov’t irregulating interstate commerce

american system

era of good feelings

panic of 1819

henry clay, regions to commerce

james monroe 1816, peace, economy was flourishing

collpase of cotton, 3yrs, blamed bank

missouri compromise

economic nationalism

judicial nationalism

11 free, 11 slave, maine(free) missouri (slave) 36;30, missouri wanted statehood

henry clay

john marshall

john adams

transcontinental treaty

monroe doctrine

oversaw rush-bagot treaty and convention 1818 both eased tnesion with great britain

adams- onis treaty, US got florida for $5 million

1823 no further european colonization in west

election 1824

corrupt bargain

adams goal

HOR elected adams, united his foes, jackson called clay a scoudnrel or judas or the west because of corrupt bargain

clay speaker of house convinced them to choose adams, he became secretary of state

create activist fed gov’t with expensive goals (aristocratic tyrant)

national republicans

democrats

campaign 1828

supported adams

supported jackson

jackson won, new democratic ere, restore to the poeple, take away eastern elite

jacksonian democracy

spoils system

jackson

landless man can vote, little concern for undemocratci constraints ( african, women) denied rights, elite must be removed

gives gov’t jobs to his supporters, bank war, jackson vetoed bank recharter bill, clay and webster couldn’t convince senate to override.

Biddle ( bank president)

vetoes 12 bills, strengthen executive branch

john c calhoun

nullification

nullification ordinance

‘SC exposition and protest 1828’- state could nullify/vetoe a law, south blames tariff ‘tariff of abominations’ by taxing british textiles, hurt cotton

protect states rights against fed authority

tariff acts are unconstituional, SC would seced if feds use force

force bill

indian removal act 1830

black hawk war 1832l

use of army to force complaince

force indain to west or mississipi river (oklahoma)

black hawk led sauks to illinious osceola led seminoles, resisted as well (guerilla war)- most costly

worcester v. georgia 1832

treaty of new echota 1835

trail of tears

in favor of cherokees about land, 2 choices by president : abide discrimatory laws or go to oklahoma

relocation of cherokee to oklahoma

forced, martin van buren, moved west (cherokees)

pet banks

biddle

gag rule

jackson transfer monies from national bank to 23 state banks

demandes state banks to change their paper currency to gold

buren moved petitions to tableed instead to discuss

whig party

panic 1837

1840 election

king andrews I, supported clay, american system

martin van ruin, financial crisis

harrison (whig) won, slogan: tippecanoe and tyler too, symbols: cider and log cabin, prosperity

old south

peculiar institutions

lower south

cotton 2/3

slavery

SC, georgia, florida, alabama, border south was disappearing

great britain

missispi river

black belt

world first industrial nation (cotton) textile mills

cotton highway

alabama mississippi

aristocrats

black driver;overseer

plantation mistress

plain white folk

controlling political, ecnomical

oversee small enslaved group

uneducated small famers

slave codes

malattoes

slave revolts

underground railroad

field hands and bible

crime for slaves to read

people of mixed ancestry

charles desloondes, denmark jersey plot

nat turner rebellion- 57 whites killed

escape for slaves