CASC Nursing Semester 1 Exam 1 Review

Practice vocabulary flashcards covering basic nursing concepts, legal and ethical standards, historical figures, theories, and documentation techniques from CASC Nursing Semester 1 Exam 1 study notes.

Nursing

Defined as an art and a science.

Patient-Centered Care

Being the patient's #1 advocate and having compassion, care, respect, and dignity towards patients and families.

Critical Thinking

Thinking through a problem and coming to the right assessment.

Novice

A student nurse or a nurse who is working on a unit they have never worked.

Advanced Beginner

A nurse with little experience, which could just be observation.

Competent Nurse

A nurse who has been in the same position for 2 to 3 years.

Proficient Nurse

A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience who can assess the entirety of a patient.

Expert Nurse

A nurse with a diverse intuitive grasp of nursing who sees the patient as a whole.

Scope of Practice

Defines what a nurse can and cannot do.

Nursing Process

The foundation of clinical decision making, consisting of Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcomes Identification, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

Code of Ethics

The study of what is right and wrong with nursing conduct, serving as a set of guiding principles accepted by all members of the profession.

Autonomy

A patient's right to freedom and self-determination.

Beneficence

Positive actions taken to help others.

Nonmaleficence

The avoidance of harm.

Justice

Fairness in health care delivery and distribution of resources.

Fidelity

Keeping promises.

Florence Nightingale

First practicing epidemiologist and theorist, founder of the first nursing school, and creator of the Environmental Theory.

Clara Barton

Founder of the American Red Cross.

Mother Bickerdyke

Civil War figure who organized hospitals and ambulances.

Harriet Tubman

Underground Railroad leader who moved 300 slaves and provided nursing care during the Civil War.

Mary Mahoney

First African American registered nurse.

Mary Adelaide Nutting

First professor of nursing.

Burnout

A condition occurring when demand outweighs resources.

Compassion Fatigue

A condition characterized by feeling hopeless.

QSEN

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses, which prepares nurses to improve quality of care through education.

Genomics

The study of genes.

Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)

State regulations overseen by State Boards of Nursing that define the scope of nursing practice to protect public health, safety, and welfare.

Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Wellness

A state of mental and physical balance and fitness beyond just the lack of disease symptoms.

Homeostasis

A state of balance.

Illness

An unhealthy condition of the body or mind; having a disease.

Exacerbation

The reappearance and worsening of disease symptoms.

Acute Illness

Short-term illness with a rapid onset that does not last long.

Chronic Illness

Long-term illness lasting over 6 months that is somewhat debilitating.

Primary Health Care Delivery

Care focused on improving health outcomes and reducing disease incidence, such as immunizations.

Secondary Health Care Delivery

Care focused on diagnosis and treatment of illness.

Tertiary Health Care Delivery

Care focused on rehabilitation, such as stroke recovery, physical therapy, and mobility.

Modifiable Risk Factor

A health risk factor that can be changed, such as weight loss or education.

Non-modifiable Risk Factor

A health risk factor that cannot be changed, such as age or genetics.

Paradigm

A belief system or conceptual pattern that illustrates expected relationships between variables to reach desired outcomes.

Nursing Metaparadigm

The core framework of nursing consisting of person, health, environment, and nursing.

Shared Theories

Theories borrowed and adapted from other disciplines to inform nursing practice.

Health Belief Model

Model addressing the relationship between a person's beliefs and health behaviors.

Health Promotion Model

Model defining health as a positive, active state of being rather than merely the absence of disease.

Holistic Health Model

Model focusing on the whole person, considering the body's self-healing ability and alternative health resources.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Theory stating that basic human needs must be met in a specific order for survival and optimal health.

Locus of Control

A person's perception regarding the underlying causes of events in their life.

CASC Human Needs Model

A framework for collecting and planning patient care based on Hygiene, Uniqueness, Mobility, Physio, Nutrition, Neuroregulation, Elimination, Esteem, Desires, and Safety and security.

Subjective Data

Information told directly to the nurse by the patient.

Objective Data

Factual information directly observed by the nurse.

Charting by Exception

Reporting method that focuses on documenting only changes and deviations from a patient's baseline status.

Acuity Rating

A classification system used to determine the hours of care and staffing required for a group of patients every shift or 24 hours.

Reflective Journaling

A tool used to clarify concepts and build critical thinking skills by recalling and analyzing situations.

Concept Mapping

A visual representation of patient problems and interventions used to develop critical thinking and simplify the nursing process.

Deontology

An ethical theory that defines actions as right or wrong based on duties and principles.

Utilitarianism

An ethical theory emphasizing usefulness and the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Casuistry

Case-based reasoning in ethics.

Veracity

Telling the truth.

Intrapersonal Communication

Self-talk that occurs within an individual.

Interpersonal Communication

One-on-one communication between two people.

Metacommunication

All factors that influence how communication is sent and received.

Assault

An intentional threat directed toward another person that creates a reasonable fear of harmful or offensive contact.

Battery

Unwanted, offensive physical contact performed without consent.

False Imprisonment

Unjustified restraint of a person without legal justification.

Slander

Oral publication of a false statement that damages a person's reputation.

Libel

Written publication of a false statement that damages a person's reputation.

Negligence

An unintentional tort characterized by conduct falling below an established standard of care.

Malpractice

A type of professional negligence, such as a patient fall caused by a nurse failing to answer a call light.

Grand Theory

A nursing theory broad in scope that provides structural frameworks for complex ideas.

Middle-Range Theory

A nursing theory limited in scope and less abstract, addressing specific phenomena.

Practice Theory

A nursing theory narrow in scope and focus, designed for specific patient populations or situations.

Peplau's Interpersonal Theory

A middle-range psychiatric nursing theory focusing on nurse-patient-family relationships across preorientation, orientation, working, and resolution phases.

Orem's Self-Care Theory

A grand theory centered on assessing patient self-care needs to help patients manage their health problems.