Upper Extremity Skeleton and Bony Landmarks

This set covers definitions of bone surface markings, bone counts for the upper extremity, and specific bony landmarks for the scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, and hand.

Foramen

An opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass.

Notch

An indentation at the edge of a bone.

Fossa

A shallow depression on a bone.

Condyle

A large, round protuberance at the end of a bone.

Head (Bony Landmark)

A rounded articular projection supported on the neck of a bone.

Epicondyle

A projection above a condyle.

Spinous process

A sharp, slender projection.

Upper Extremity Bone Count

Total of $64$ bones, with $32$ per side.

Carpals

$16$ total bones in the upper extremity ($8$ per side).

Metacarpals

$10$ total bones in the upper extremity ($5$ per side).

Phalanges (Total Count)

$28$ total bones in the upper extremity ($14$ per side).

Middle Border of Scapula

Also known as the Vertebral Border.

Lateral Border of Scapula

Also known as the Axillary Border.

Scapula Bony Landmarks

Superior Border, Middle (Vertebral) Border, Lateral (Axillary) Border, Superior Angle, Inferior Angle, Acromion, Scapular Notch, Infraspinous Fossa, Spine Of Scapula, Subscapular Fossa, Glenoid Cavity, Coracoid Process, and Supraspinous Fossa.

Clavicle Bony Landmarks

Sternal Head, Conoid Tubercle, and Acromial End.

Humerus Bony Landmarks

Head, Neck, Greater Tubercle, Lesser Tubercle, Deltoid Tuberosity, Intertubercular Groove, Capitulum, Trochlea, Olecranon Fossa, Coronoid Fossa, Medial Epicondyle, and Lateral Epicondyle.

Ulna Bony Landmarks

Trochlear Notch, Radial Notch, Olecranon, Coronoid Process, Head, Styloid Process, and Shaft.

Radius Bony Landmarks

Head, Radial Neck, Shaft, Ulnar Notch, and Styloid Process.

Phalanges (Composition)

Consists of $14$ bones: $3$ per finger ($12$ total) and $2$ per thumb ($2$ total).

Phalanges Regions

Proximal, Middle, and Distal.

Metacarpal Bony Landmarks

Base, Shaft, Head, and Condyles.

Phalanges Bony Landmarks

Base, Shaft, and Head.